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　　Tang Jian, doctor of engineering, professor, first-class registered architect. Dean of the School of Architecture and Art of Dalian University of Technology, visiting scholar of the School of Architectural Planning of Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He has been engaged in the cultural research of traditional settlements and heritage buildings in Northeast China for a long time, as well as the research on the protection and renovation of existing buildings. Undertake and participate in five national-level projects such as the research topic of major projects of central universities, the research on architectural heritage and its cultural driving role under the comprehensive revitalization of Northeast China, and one project of Liaoning liberal arts development think tank; He has published five books, such as History and Theory of Architectural Environmental Design.

　　Xiaoguantun shipeng

　　Baidianzi shipeng

　　Shipenggou shipeng

　　Shipengshan shipeng

　　Shimucheng shipeng

　　The pictures in this edition are all information pictures.

　　 　Stone shed is the product of the early megalithic culture in human society. This form of megalithic architecture is widely distributed all over the world, such as Europe, Africa and Asia. Although there are different shapes of stone sheds in different places, the most basic shape is to use multiple stones or slabs as support and build a cover stone at the top. There are different names for the stone shed, which is called Dolmen in English and transliterated as "Dolmen". Some foreign scholars think that the stone shed is similar to the stone-accumulating tomb and the stone-covered tomb and belongs to the category of stone-supporting tomb, so it is called stone-supporting tomb or directly called stone-covered tomb, while in Europe it is often called "stone table" or "stone platform" because of its modeling characteristics. China is usually called a stone shed, but different places have their own names, such as "Gusao Stone" and "Shimiaozi".

　　 　Stone shed buildings in China are mostly distributed in Northeast China and Zhejiang, and there are also a few remains in other areas, such as Shandong, Sichuan, Hunan and other provinces. Stone sheds in Northeast China are mainly concentrated in southern Liaoning, and it is recognized by academic circles that they were built from the late Neolithic period to the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, and belong to the same system as the stone tombs in the Korean Peninsula and Japan. The stone shed in southern Liaoning has a complete preservation system and can be regarded as the representative of stone shed architecture in China.

　　 　Stone shed buildings in southern Liaoning have long been recorded in ancient Chinese literature. The "Guanshi Xiangrui" discovered in Xiangping (now Liaoyang) during the reign of Emperor Xuandi of the Han Dynasty in the Biography of the Three Kingdoms mentioned: "There are three small stones in the Yanli Society in Xiangping, which are long and long. Or "degree": ‘ This Han Xuandi crowned the auspicious stone. ’” From the description, it can be seen that the "crown stone" in this paper is a stone shed, which is supported by three small stones. Later, a more detailed record about the stone shed architecture in southern Liaoning is the Records of the Walking Department of the Yajiang River written by Wang Ji, a scholar of the Jin Dynasty, who toured the Liaodong area: "I have traveled to the stone chamber in the Western Hills, and I have climbed a stone, which can be three feet in vertical and horizontal directions, and it is two feet thick. The end is flat and smooth, and it looks like a chess game. Its lower wall stands three stones, which are as high and wide as it is, and it is as deep as it is, and there is no axe gouging marks. It is impossible to do it without magic and ingenuity. What is described is the stone shed in wafangdian city, Dalian today. It can be seen that the concern and understanding of stone shed architecture in southern Liaoning has existed since ancient times.

　　Stonehenge architecture and stone shed architecture

　　 　Stonehenge architecture is the main expression of ancient human worship of nature, and it is a unique architectural type in primitive times. Stonehenge architecture refers to buildings built with huge stones. The famous stonehenge architecture includes: the Pyramid of Giza, the Sun Gate of Tiavanaco City, the Stonehenge of Jutz Mountain, the Karnak Stonehenge, the stone statue of Easter Island and the stone shed. Nature worship, ancestor and reproductive worship and totem worship widely exist in primitive civilizations all over the world, which constitute the world outlook and outlook on life of primitive natural monotheism. Stone shed architecture mostly appears in mountainous areas, and the materialized form and material support of natural gods produced by huge stones reflect the initial state of natural religion.

　　 　In primitive society, the low level of human production and poor living environment naturally provided the basic support for human survival. Mountains provide all kinds of food, and caves became the earliest residence of the ancients, providing survival support and shelter for primitive humans. Therefore, in the long primitive society, the ancients had motherly dependence and affection for mountains. At the same time, the towering peaks and strange rocks of the mountains inspire awe, and the physical rigidity of the rocks has the eternal attribute of immortality, thus becoming the object of sacrifice and worship of primitive human beings. In the cruel living environment, it gradually gave birth to the worship of natural forces, which became the starting point of power, and gave birth to the stone shed architecture that seems to be impossible to achieve with the ability and technology at that time, showing the powerful emotional appeal of weak life in the worship of God. Sacrifice and pray through the stone shed to pray for the protection of the gods. In this process, primitive human beings also transformed from simple emotions to advanced complex emotions, and constantly achieved the artistic form of stone shed architecture.

　　 　The construction of giant stone buildings such as stone sheds exceeded the limit of human construction ability at that time, which reflected the highest state of primitive human vitality and productivity, and was an abnormal performance of human pursuit of natural forces. The aesthetic experience accompanied by each other is also displayed in the construction of megalithic buildings. The sublime and solemn shock, the divinity connected with heaven and earth, the continuous evolution of construction technology and the gradual formation of architectural modeling all reflect the original concept and technical development trend of early architecture.

　　 　The construction of the stone shed reflects the continuous improvement of the spiritual pursuit of the primitive ancestors and is endowed with rich social connotations. First of all, the construction of the stone shed embodies the social transformation of early human beings, condenses the centripetal force of tribal groups, and helps ancient ancestors to overcome the psychological crisis caused by the contradiction between human spirit and natural existence in the development of early human social civilization, and also resolves the internal contradictions of clans and tribes. Secondly, the formation of ancient ancestors’ simple view of heaven and man. "Harmony between man and nature" is one of the sources of philosophical thoughts in Chinese traditional culture. Stone sheds have the functions of both burial and sacrifice, which can be related to the idea of "harmony between man and nature". For people, stone sheds are tombs for burying ancestors. To God, the stone shed is an altar to worship heaven and earth. There is a tradition of ancestor worship and heaven worship in China culture for a long time. It is considered that ancestors and heaven and earth are equally important, and it is also the mapping of "the unity of heaven and man". This thought puts man and nature at the same level, and integrates the worship of natural forces with the worship of human beings themselves.

　　Geographical and Cultural Situation in Southern Liaoning Province

　　 　Southern Liaoning is located in the southeast of Liaoning Province, south of the connection line between Liaohe Estuary and Yalu Estuary, and extends between the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea. The Qian Shan Mountains run through from northeast to southwest, and within the area of 10 to 20 kilometers near the sea, it is a hilly area with an elevation below 300 meters, with isolated peaks along the coast and narrow plains along the northwest and northeast coasts. Rivers are densely distributed. Important rivers such as Dayang River, Yingna River, Biliu River and Dashahe River are injected into the Yellow Sea, while Daqing River, Xiongyue River and Fuzhou River are injected into the Bohai Sea.

　　 　Southern Liaoning is also a region where Neolithic culture is concentrated in China. About 25 Neolithic cultural sites have been discovered in and around the region, including cultural sequences such as Hongshan Culture, Xiaozhushan culture, Xinglongwa Culture and Xinle culture. The Neolithic cultural sites exclusively belonging to southern Liaoning mainly include Xiaozhushan site, Shangmashi site, Wujiacun site, guo jia cun site, Santangcun site and Dapanjiacun site.

　　 　Through the archaeological study on the stratigraphic relationship and accumulation characteristics of Neolithic culture in southern Liaoning and the horizontal comparison with the surrounding Neolithic culture sequence, we can know that there is an obvious relationship between Neolithic culture in southern Liaoning and the surrounding Neolithic culture, and the Neolithic culture in southern Liaoning was mainly influenced by Xinle lower culture, Houwa lower culture and Machengzi lower culture in the early stage. In the middle period, it exchanged ideas with Zuojiashan upper culture, Houwa upper culture and some local types of Dawenkou culture in Shandong Peninsula. In the later period, it was impacted by Longshan culture. Therefore, the Neolithic culture in southern Liaoning is not as rare as imagined, and there is no cultural system. On the contrary, the Neolithic culture in southern Liaoning has a clear continuity and a long-lasting cultural sequence. Only in this culture can human beings begin to form primitive religions, including boulder worship, and generate social impulses to build boulder buildings, which provides a social foundation for the emergence of boulder buildings such as stone sheds.

　　Construction age of stone shed in southern Liaoning

　　 　Any historical remains will have traces left by its historical dynasty at that time, and archaeologists rely on the judgment of these traces to determine the age and time of cultural relics. In prehistoric times without written records, it is impossible to determine its absolute age, but it is replaced by a relative age. We can speculate by the chronological relationship between the relics and relics of the same period, that is, the chronological age of cultural relics.

　　 　As for the construction time of stone sheds in southern Liaoning, the main point of view now is that the time range is roughly from the late Neolithic Age to the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. However, for the construction time of a specific stone shed, it is impossible to estimate the specific time range of a specific stone shed independently because of the damage of the stone shed and the few unearthed artifacts, and there is no clear written record. At present, the unearthed artifacts related to stone sheds in southern Liaoning mainly include curved broad-leaf sword with big arc blade, straight-mouth cylindrical pot, red pottery pot with sand drum, stone spinning wheel, etc., and curved neck pot unearthed in Tuotou cemetery in Jiacun and Gaishi tomb in Biliuhe River. By sorting the above objects, we can get a complete development order, and finally infer that the approximate time stage of stone shed in southern Liaoning was earlier than 3000 years ago, and it can be determined that other stone buildings in southern Liaoning, such as stone-covered tombs and stone-piled tombs, may appear later than stone sheds. Therefore, stone sheds are considered to be the earliest form of stone buildings in southern Liaoning.

　　Who built the stone shed in southern Liaoning?

　　 　At present, there is no conclusion about the clan to which Shipeng belongs in southern Liaoning, but it is generally believed that it is related to the branch of the ancient Dongyi nationality, Northeast Yi.

　　 　The relatively reasonable explanation for the origin of the Northeast Yi in southern Liaoning is the migration theory, that is, the population of Jiaodong Peninsula and other coastal areas around the Bohai Sea migrated to southern Liaoning and combined with local culture, including the passive migration of events such as ji zi’s eastward crossing. According to the Book of Yizhoushu Wang Huipian, "there are solitary bamboo, Tuhe, Yu people, Qingqiu and Zhoutou in Dongyi" and so on. However, Dr. Kong Chao, a doctor of the Five Classics of Jin Dynasty, thinks that the above-mentioned ministries of Dongyi should be subdivided into Northeast Yi, among which "Qingqiu" is the area east of Bohai Sea as stated in Kong Chao’s annotation "Yi Zhou Shu Wang Hui Pian", and according to the faithful annotation, "Qingqiu country is in Haidong 300 Li", so it can be considered that the distance between Shandong Peninsula and Liaodong Peninsula is exactly "300 Li". With the integration of Lai culture and Qi culture into Chinese culture, some Yi people moved eastward to the Korean Peninsula and other places via Liaodong Peninsula, and the Yi culture also spread to these areas on the Korean Peninsula.

　　 　It is not known which tribes the shiphouses in southern Liaoning belonged to at that time, but the most likely one is the Yi nationality, which was a minority living in northeast China in ancient China and first appeared in the Western Zhou Dynasty. The main production modes of the raccoon people are agriculture and fishing and hunting. The representative artifacts of the Yi nationality are curved-edged bronze dagger and coarse-grained pottery, which are close to the shape of the cultural relics unearthed in the megalithic architectural relics in southern Liaoning. Moreover, the burial system of the Yi people should be based on stone burial utensils and cremation, which coincides with the ablated human bones unearthed in the double-room stone shed group. According to this, the clan of Shipeng in southern Liaoning is most likely built by the Yi nationality of Northeast Yi and its later-formed Yi nationality.

　　The use of stone shed in southern Liaoning

　　 　Archaeological research holds that the stone shed architecture has two functions: burial and sacrifice, and it combines the primitive religious views of nature worship, ancestor worship and totem worship in primitive society. There are three opinions on the use of the stone shed architecture in domestic archaeology: one is the altar with mysterious symbols used by the ancients for religious sacrifice; The second is the public activity place in primitive society; The third is the tomb. In recent years, domestic archaeologists tend to think that stone sheds are "tombs", that is, stone shed tombs.

　　 　Stone shed architecture reflects the prehistoric ancestors’ understanding of themselves and the world, with a very strong expression of ideas, expressing the desire to communicate with the gods of heaven and earth. At that time, with great enthusiasm beyond their own abilities, the ancestors struggled to find suitable stone materials, transported them long distances and carefully planned their construction. Among them, the stone roof of Shipeng Mountain in Gaizhou weighed 60 tons, which fully reflected the transformation of human spiritual strength into great behavioral strength and created a great building that was amazed by later generations. As a result, the stone shed created an early place for human sacrifice, and through the conquest of huge stones, it reflected the dedication and worship to nature, rallied people’s hearts, showed their existence to nature, gained more benefits, and established the special life value and significance of human beings in the wild nature.

　　 　According to research, there are cremation and burial customs in some tribes of the Yi nationality in Northeast China, and important clan and tribal leaders will stay for a period of time and then be cremated, which can last up to half a year. When the remains were cremated, the stone shed had been built, and the cremated remains were moved to the stone shed tomb, mostly in Ming or shallow burial. There are open spaces in front of large stone sheds, which can be used as crematoriums at first, and then as sacrificial places. According to archaeological analysis, the earliest stone sheds were mostly large stone sheds, and then smaller stone sheds appeared; And there will be stone-covered tombs or stone-supported tombs around some big stone sheds, which shows that clan tombs are gradually formed with big stone sheds as the core. Taking Shipenggou Stone Shed Group in Pulandian as an example, according to the archaeological excavation data in 1980s, it can be known that its site is a large stone shed and three small stone sheds, and the four stone sheds are all supported by three-sided wall stones and covered with stones at the top. The big stone shed is north-south, and the other three small stone sheds all face the big stone shed. According to the site conditions, the positions of the three small stone sheds and the big stone sheds are different from the burial methods. Although the principles and methods of this layout are not known yet, the special orientation and position relationship shows the social relationship of the primitive clan and tribe of the stone shed tombs in Shipenggou.

　　 　However, there are no archaeological discoveries of tombs in several large stone sheds in southern Liaoning, and no tombs in general have been found around the stone sheds. Obviously, the function of a single tomb cannot fully explain the purpose of the stone sheds. No matter in China or other countries, because there are no corresponding written records in the Stonehenge cultural sites and the remains are not enough to explain their use, the use of most Stonehenge cultural sites is still inconclusive. Similarly, the exact use of stone shed buildings in southern Liaoning cannot be generalized, and the purpose of building stone shed buildings is still a mystery. However, whether it is used for tombs or sacrifices, the construction of stone sheds is the ideological embodiment of primitive religious worship of ancient ancestors, from which we can feel the simple and traditional view of heaven and man of ancient ancestors.

　　Types of stone sheds in southern Liaoning

　　 　According to the scale, stone shed buildings in southern Liaoning can be divided into three types: large stone shed, medium stone shed and small stone shed. Their respective characteristics are as follows:

　　 　Large stone shed, the height of the stone shed is more than 2 meters, and the length and width of the top stone are more than 4 meters. The stone materials used are all chiseled and finely made. The wall stone of the shed leans inward, and the cover stone extends out of the wall stone to form a larger shed eaves, and the wall and the cover are neatly nested. Large stone sheds often exist alone at the top of hills and terraces. Typical cases are Shi Peng in Shimucheng, Haicheng, Shi Peng Shan, gaizhou city, Tai Zi, wafangdian city, and Shi Peng in Jiantang, Pulandian.

　　 　Medium-sized stone shed, the scale is between large stone shed and small stone shed, the height is about 1.5 meters, and the top stone is about 2-4 meters long and wide. The cover stone of the stone shed extends out of the wall stone, and the stone materials are slightly processed, which is not very regular, and the fitting between the wall stone and the cover stone is not very close. On the whole, the medium-sized stone shed is close to the large stone shed, but it is not as neat and fine as it is. This kind of stone shed is mainly distributed on the lower platform or flat land. Its representatives mainly include Xiaoguantun Stone Shed in Jinzhou District and Shuangta Taizi Stone Shed in Pulandian District.

　　 　Small stone shed, small-scale stone shed, the general height is about 1 meter, and the top stone is about 2 meters long and wide. There are few traces of stone processing, the wall stone is upright, the wall stone and the cover stone are irregularly nested with each other, most of the cover stone does not extend out of the wall stone, and the shed tends to be square. Most of these stone sheds are distributed on low platforms or flat land, mostly flat land, while others are distributed in rows to form stone sheds. Its representatives are shuangfang stone shed in Pulandian District, Xinglong stone shed in Xiuyan County and Lianyunzhai stone shed in gaizhou city.

　　Typical representative of shipeng in southern Liaoning

　　 　1. Shipengshan Shipeng

　　 　The large stone shed, located on the gentle circular platform on the north bank of Nanfu River in Shipeng Village, Ertaizi Farm, gaizhou city, Liaoning Province, is 56 meters above sea level and was once used as a temple. It is made of granite stone, and the inner and outer walls, sides and corners of each slate are processed and polished regularly. The overall direction of the stone shed is 4 degrees east of south. The top stone is about 8.6 meters long from north to south, 5.7 meters wide from east to west, and the thickest can reach 0.55 meters. The east-west wall stone is about 2.4 meters high and 2.3 meters high, and the north wall stone is about 2.8 meters high and 2.3 meters high.

　　 　Shipengshan Shipeng was listed as a provincial cultural relics protection unit in 1993 and became a national cultural relics protection unit in 1996. This stone shed is currently the largest existing stone shed in China.

　　 　2. Stone shed in Shimucheng

　　 　The large-scale stone shed is located on the platform about 50 meters high in Shishan Mountain, the former sister-in-law of Shimu Town, Haicheng City, Liaoning Province, and the Haicheng River is 600 meters west. The original two stone sheds here are commonly known as "Sister-in-law Stone", and the one on the mountain is Sister-in-law Stone under the mountain, and the existing one is Sister-in-law Stone. The whole stone shed faces 36 degrees east of south. The top stone is square, about 6 meters long from north to south, about 5.1 meters wide and 0.5 meters thick, and the overall height is 2.8 meters. The east-west wall stone is about 2.4 meters high and 2.2 meters high, the north wall stone is about 2.7 meters high and 2.2 meters high, and the south wall stone is 1.6 meters long and 1.1 meters wide respectively.

　　 　The stone shed of Shimucheng is made of granite stone, with fine workmanship and accurate nesting. The door stone does not pass through the top, but only plays a role in space limitation. There are a lot of circular marks on the inner side of the west wall stone and the top of the south gate stone. Most documents think that it may be used to record the number of sacrifices or the number of sacrifices. It is also speculated that the early astronomical observation ability may have been available at that time, but it was confirmed by field research that the stone was dripping for many years before mining, which was confirmed by a large number of mountain streams and caves found in the mountains around the stone shed.

　　 　Shimucheng Stone Shed was listed as a provincial cultural relics protection unit in 1963, and became a national key cultural relics protection unit in 2001. The stone shed is the earliest existing above-ground building in China.

　　 　3. Shipenggou Shipeng

　　 　The large-scale stone shed is located at the top platform in the north of Shipengzitun, Jiantang Township, pulandian city, Dalian, about 1.5 kilometers northeast of Biliu River, with an altitude of about 265 meters and a relative height of about 16 meters. The stone shed faces north and south as a whole, and it is a large stone shed supported by three walls. The top stone of the shed is about 6 meters long, 4 meters wide and 0.6 meters thick. The east and west wall stones are about 2.2 meters long and 1.2 meters high, and the north wall stones are about 2.6 meters long and 1.2 meters high.

　　 　The stone shed is made of granite, and the processing accuracy of stone is lower than that of the stone shed in Shipengshan and Shimucheng. There is a stone structure 80 cm away from the southern end of the western wall stone, which is suspected to be a "stepped stone". In order to protect the overall structure of the stone shed, reinforcement measures were taken at the southwest corner of the top stone. Shipenggou stone shed is a stone shed community, with 1 big shed and 3 small sheds, all of which are not completely preserved, and their structures are obviously different from those of the big shed. There is an obvious relationship between the three small stone sheds and the big stone shed, which is likely to be a high-standard stone shed group established by a large clan tribe.

　　 　Shipenggou Shipeng was listed as a provincial cultural relics protection unit in 2003 and became a national key cultural relics protection unit in 2013.

　　 　4. Xiaoguantun Stone Shed

　　 　The medium-sized stone shed is located about 1km east of Xiangying Street, Xiangying Town, Jinzhou District, Dalian, with an altitude of 60m and a distance of 1.3km east from the river. The whole stone shed is in the east-west direction, which is the southernmost stone shed among the existing stone sheds in southern Liaoning. There were two stone sheds, namely "big stone shed" and "small stone shed", and the existing one is "small stone shed". The top stone of Xiaoshipong is about 4 meters long and 2.5 meters wide, and the thickness is about 0.4 meters. The east wall stone is about 2 meters wide, but the east wall stone is about 1.3 meters high, the west wall stone is only 0.2 meters long, and the north wall stone is about 1.1 meters high and 2.7 meters long.

　　 　The site of Xiaoguantun shed is relatively flat and surrounded by mountains. The stone shed is polished with granite as a whole, but the overall machining accuracy and grinding fineness are much lower than those of the first three large stone sheds, and the stone texture is poor. Its top stone is arranged in an approximate rectangle in the east-west direction. Among the four wall stones, only the east wall stone is well preserved, and the north and west wall stones are greatly damaged, and the south wall stone is no longer available. Because the existing height of the western wall stone is lower than that of the eastern wall stone, the overall top stone is higher in the east and lower in the west. The overall preservation of Xiaoguantun stone shed is not ideal, and the damage is serious.

　　 　Xiaoguantun Stone Shed was listed as a municipal cultural relic protection unit in 2008, and now a theme cultural park with it as the core has been built to protect and publicize it.

　　 　5. Baidianzi Shipeng

　　 　Medium-sized stone shed, located on the hillside about 1 km north of Baijiadian Village, Wulu Town, Dalian, where rivers pass on both sides. Baidianzi Stone Shed originally had two stone sheds, one large and one small, so it was also called Gusaoshi in the local area. The larger Sisaoshi was destroyed, and the existing stone shed was smaller as Gushi, which is still the configuration of double stone sheds.

　　 　Baidianzi stone shed is made of granite, with four walls, paving stones and roof stones. The top stone is nearly square with a length of about 4.5 meters and an average thickness of about 0.5 meters. The east-west wall stone is about 2.5 meters long, and the north-south wall stone is about 2 meters long. The roof stone of the shed is inclined to be low in the southeast and high in the northwest. The stone shed is well preserved except for the gap in the east wall stone. The overall polishing and splicing fineness of stone sheds is still lower than that of the three stone sheds mentioned above.

　　 　Baidianzi Stone Shed was listed as a provincial cultural relic protection unit in 2007.

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　　 　The area with Liaohe River Basin as the core in Northeast China has always been regarded as one of the areas with highly developed primitive culture. After long-term archaeological excavation, it is found that the evolution and development of primitive culture in Northeast China are gradually clear, and an important link in the study of primitive culture in Liaodong Peninsula is the archaeological study of stone shed buildings.

　　 　Southern Liaoning has the most complete, largest and best-preserved stone shed architecture in the world, which contains rich spiritual connotation and far-reaching architectural value. The study of stone shed architecture plays a positive role in deeply understanding the formation of culture in Northeast China, exploring the original significance of architecture and enriching the historical and cultural connotation of the Chinese nation.

　　On September 7th, The Paper reported that five prison doctors in Inner Mongolia prison system had seriously violated the medical condition appraisal regulations for criminals released on parole, and made the murderer Wang "serve his sentence on paper" for many years, and got married, had children, traveled and worked outside the prison.

　　The Paper verified in many ways that this murderer at large was the murderer Wang Yunhong in the "murder case bought by the president of a university" which was a sensation in 2001. He was finally sentenced to death with a two-year suspension of execution, which was later reduced to 15 years in prison. With the help of prison doctors and other related people, Wang Yunhong, a life-threatening prisoner, was "released from prison" only after being detained for more than seven years.

　　According to the authoritative documents obtained by The Paper, there are also problems in Wang Yunhong’s commutation: first, he paid bribes; second, he made meritorious service by buying patents.

　　At present, the Hohhot Intermediate People’s Court has ruled that the temporary execution time outside prison for three felons, including Wang Yunhong, who violate the rules and seek medical treatment outside prison, is not included in the execution sentence. However, there has been no corrected information disclosure about Wang Yunhong’s illegal purchase of patents and his substantial commutation.

　　Yang Wenzhi’s resume

　　It is illegal to seek medical treatment on parole, and there is also a shady commutation.

　　The Paper previously reported that three felons who should have served their sentences in the No.1 prison in Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, were illegally released on parole for medical treatment. Five prison doctors, including Wang Quanren, deputy director of the Fourth Prison in Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, and vice president of the First Hospital of the Prison Bureau, were detained for illegally helping the three people to go out on bail for medical treatment. Subsequently, on October 24, 2019, the Hohhot Intermediate People’s Court ruled that the time for three felons, Wang Yunhong, Zhuang Yonghua and Zou Qingbao, to seek medical treatment outside the hospital was not included in the execution sentence.

　　The Paper combed and found that all the triple criminals received different degrees of commutation before they were released on medical parole illegally. For example, Wang Yunhong, the murderer of the murder case, was reduced from life imprisonment to 15 years’ imprisonment, while Zhuang Yonghua, the murderer of the murder case with a gun, was directly reduced from a suspended death sentence to 18 years’ imprisonment.

　　The indictment recently issued by 12309 China Procuratorate Network revealed the reason why Wang Yunhong got a reduced sentence.

　　The People’s Procuratorate of Naiman Banner, Tongliao City accused Yang Wenzhi, the former deputy director of Hohhot No.1 Prison, of taking care of a prisoner who was sentenced to death with a suspended sentence, and Yang Wenzhi received 50,000 yuan from it. According to the news released by the Supervision Committee of the Commission for Discipline Inspection of Tongliao City, on June 28, 2019, Yang Wenzhi, as the director of the Juvenile Delinquency Center of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Prison Administration, was suspected of serious violation of the law and was under disciplinary review and supervision investigation by the Supervision Committee of the Commission for Discipline Inspection of Horqin District, Tongliao City. The Paper noted that the time when Yang Wenzhi was investigated was close to that when Wang Quanren and other five prison doctors were investigated.

　　According to the above indictment, the criminal Wang Moujia was sentenced to death with a suspended sentence for intentional homicide, and was put into the first prison area of Hohhot No.1 prison on April 14, 2006 to serve his sentence. At that time, the head of the first prison area was Yang Wenzhi. Yang Wenzhi and Wang Moujia’s brother-in-law Wu Mou are classmates. He accepted the banquet and request of Wu and his wife Wang Mouyi (handled separately), and promised to take care of Wang Moujia during his sentence. In order to thank Yang Wenzhi for taking care of Wang Moujia, Wang Mouyi gave Yang Wenzhi 10,000 yuan each time during the Spring Festival or Mid-Autumn Festival from 2008 to 2012, totaling 50,000 yuan.

　　From August 2008 to December 2012, Yang Wenzhi served as the deputy warden of Hohhot No.1 Prison, in charge of prison administration, legal system, prison investigation and education. In December 2008, after the prisoner Wang Moujia’s illegal purchase of utility model patents was discovered by the prison staff, Yang Wenzhi prevented the chief of the prison investigation department from conducting an investigation in order to make Wang Moujia’s commutation in the future unaffected, resulting in Wang Moujia’s use of mobile phones to contact outside the prison to purchase patents not being ascertained and thoroughly investigated.

　　According to the regulations of the No.1 prison in Hohhot, Wang Moujia should have been confined and deducted 50 points, and he would not be credited with merit for six months. However, due to the intervention of Yang Wenzhi, Wang Moujia was not punished but was credited with merit once in April 2009. Soon, Wang Moujia once again violated the prison regulations, bought the application materials for three utility model patents, and successfully applied for utility model patents for commutation.

　　In March 2011, Hohhot No.1 Prison submitted a commutation proposal to the High Court of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, and submitted a commutation proposal, a commutation approval form for criminals, and a criminal appraisal form. In addition, there are proof materials of Wang Moujia’s accumulated contributions of eight times in August 2006, August and October 2008, April, July, August and September 2009, and May 2010, and he obtained three utility model patents and other relevant evidence.

　　On March 11, 2011, the Inner Mongolia High Court ruled that Wang Moujia was reduced from life imprisonment to 15 years imprisonment.

　　The Paper compared many judicial documents and found that Wang Moujia was the murderer of the murder case and Wang Yunhong, who was sentenced to death with a suspended sentence in the final instance.

　　Inventor from prison. Source: Network screenshot

　　A number of patents were exposed, and murderers became inventors.

　　According to the above documents, after Wang Yunhong’s patent purchase in 2008 was discovered, but not thoroughly investigated, he bought three utility model patents in 2009 for commutation.

　　The Paper inquired about official website of the State Patent Office and searched under the name of "Wang Yunhong", and found that there were as many as six patents for which the applicant was "Wang Yunhong". Among them, two patents were applied on March 5, 2009: the outer cover of kettle cover and portable multifunctional lunch box; On December 7, 2009, he applied for the patent of "cervical vertebra stretching device"; On December 8, 2009, I applied for "adjustable speed electric manicure device".

　　For the above four patents, the applicant’s address is: Department of Education, Inner Mongolia No.1 Prison, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. The four patents and patent rights have been terminated at present.

　　In 2008, "Wang Yunhong" also involved two other patents, which were for external use. "An external medicine for treating tinea" was applied on August 7, 2008, and the applicants and inventors were "Wang Yunhong and Du Shaodong"; "An external medicine for treating rosacea" was applied on August 11th, 2008. The applicant and inventor were Wang Yunhong. The addresses of the applicants of these two patents are "Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region … … Wang Zhehong turned. "

　　At present, the legal status of these two patents is "deemed abandonment of patent rights".

　　In addition, like Wang Yunhong, Zhuang Yonghua, a gunman murderer in Xilinhot in 2004 who served his sentence in Hohhot No.1 Prison, was also suspected to have applied for a patent.

　　According to Zhuang Yonghua’s criminal ruling on the change of punishment for intentional homicide: On March 13, 2006, the Intermediate People’s Court of Xilin Gol League of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region found Zhuang Yonghua guilty of intentional homicide and illegal possession of guns, sentenced to death and deprived of political rights for life. On November 16, 2006, the Higher People’s Court of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region commuted the death sentence of the defendant Zhuang Yonghua.

　　The Paper noted that on January 6, 2007, Zhuang Yonghua was delivered to Hohhot No.1 Prison, and after serving two years’ imprisonment, he was directly sentenced to 18 years’ imprisonment from suspended death and six years’ deprivation of political rights. Moreover, like Wang Yunhong, after the commutation of his sentence, he went through five prison doctors, including Wang Quanren, for illegal medical parole.

　　On April 10, 2009, the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region High Court made this ruling on commutation, and one year later, on October 12, 2010, the Hohhot Intermediate People’s Court ruled that Zhuang Yonghua’s fixed-term imprisonment would be reduced by three years, and the deprivation of political rights would remain unchanged for six years. One and a half years later, on May 15, 2012, the third ruling reduced his imprisonment for two years and six months, and deprived him of political rights for six years. The sentence is until June 27, 2021. Zhuang Yonghua reduced his sentence by a large margin each time, but the ruling did not disclose the reasons for his reduction.

　　The Paper reporter inquired about official website of the State Patent Office and searched under the name of "Zhuang Yonghua", and found that there were also many patents. Four of the patents have a common applicant’s address: On June 16th, 2009, Zhuang Yonghua (applicant and inventor) applied for two patents: low-energy radio and domestic floor heating boiler; On June 26th, 2011, Zhuang Yonghua (the applicant and the inventor) applied for two patents, one is a device and the other is a medicine: an automatic water replenishing device for cultivated plants and a compound honey-made pill for relieving cough and relieving asthma.

　　The above four patent applications all have a common applicant address: Education Department of Mailbox 2001, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.

　　According to relevant sources, this address is the mailing address of Hohhot No.1 Prison.

　　Wang Yunhong’s patent application

　　The "paper sentence" has been corrected, and the fraudulent commutation has not been corrected by information disclosure.

　　The Paper noted that the indictment of Yang Wenzhi’s crime of favoritism and commutation was filed on January 19, 2020, and the news of his trial and sentencing has not been disclosed yet. However, Wang Mouyi, the sister of Wang Yunhong who bribed Yang Wenzhi, was sentenced by Naiman Banner Court of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region on June 16, 2020. Wang Mouyi was sentenced to 6 months in prison and fined RMB 100,000.

　　According to the judgment, in order to thank Yang Wenzhi for his special care for Wang Yunhong, from 2008 to 2012, during the Spring Festival or Mid-Autumn Festival, Wang Mouyi gave Yang RMB 10,000 each time and gave Yang RMB 50,000 five times in total. On June 16, 2020, Wang Mouyi was sentenced to six months’ imprisonment and fined RMB 100,000 by Naiman Banner Court of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region for bribery.

　　Naiman Banner People’s Procuratorate believes that the defendant Yang Wenzhi, as a staff member of the penalty execution organ, accepted banquets, property and engages in malpractices for personal gain from the relatives of the criminal Wang Moujia, failed to investigate the serious violations of discipline and discipline of the criminal Wang Moujia, and failed to deal with them according to the regulations. When the criminal Wang Moujia was asked to reduce his sentence, the relevant materials submitted by the prison did not truthfully record Wang Moujia’s serious violations of discipline and discipline, which led to the court’s ruling that the life imprisonment of the criminal Wang Moujia was reduced to 15 years’ imprisonment, which reduced the sentence.

　　In addition, The Paper combed the verdicts of five prison medical cases, including Wang Quanren’s, and found that Wang Yunhong’s family had been released on parole through Yang Wenzhi after his commutation.

　　According to the verdict, on February 25th, 2014, in the special activities of commutation, parole and temporary execution outside prison carried out by the prison system, Wang Yunhong was put into prison according to law until July 10th, 2014, when he was hospitalized in the prison bureau hospital. In order to get to know Wang Quanren, the deputy director of the Fourth Prison, Wang Yunhong’s sister once hosted a banquet for Wang Quanren through Yang, then the deputy director of the Third Prison in Hohhot, and tried to bribe Wang Quanren. After operation, Wang Yunhong was granted medical parole.

　　Wang Yunhong’s middleman, Yang, the deputy director of Hohhot No.3 Prison, was suspected to be Yang Wenzhi.

　　Yang Wenzhi’s resume shows that from August 2004 to December 2012, he served as the director of the first prison area of Hohhot No.1 prison and the deputy director of the first prison. From November 2012 to December 2016, he served as member of the Party Committee and deputy warden of Hohhot No.3 Prison. Yang Wenzhi’s tenure in the two prisons coincided with the time when Wang Yunhong’s sister commuted her sentence and went on medical parole for Wang Yunhong.

　　The Paper previously reported that on July 17th, 2020, Wang Quanren committed the crime of dereliction of duty, and was finally sentenced to five years and six months’ imprisonment by Tongliao Intermediate People’s Court of Inner Mongolia. Four other prison doctors, including Gao Chuntao, Zhang Man, Li Qifang and Chen Hua, committed the crime of abuse of power and were finally sentenced to five to three years’ imprisonment.

　　As early as October 24, 2019, the Hohhot Intermediate People’s Court announced that the temporary execution time for Wang Yunhong, Zhuang Lihua and Zou Qing to seek medical treatment outside the prison was not counted. At present, Wang Yunhong’s illegal purchase of patents has been greatly reduced, and there is no information disclosure to show correction.

　　CCTV News:The Central Meteorological Observatory continued to issue a typhoon red warning at 10: 00 on July 28.

　　The center of the No.5 typhoon "DOKSURI" this year landed in the coastal area of Jinjiang City, Fujian Province around 9: 55 am today (28th). When it landed, it was weakened from super typhoon level to strong typhoon level. The maximum wind force near the center was 15 (50m/s), and the lowest pressure in the center was 945 hectopascals. At 10 o’clock, its center is located in Jinjiang, Fujian, which is 24.7 degrees north latitude and 118.6 degrees east longitude. The maximum wind force is 15 (50 m/s), and the lowest pressure in the center is 945 hectopascals.

　　It is estimated that Du Surui will move to the north-west direction at a speed of about 25 kilometers per hour, and its intensity will gradually weaken.

　　Gale forecast:From 14: 00 on the 28th to 14: 00 on the 29th, there will be 5-7 winds and gusts of 8-9 in bashi channel, northeastern South China Sea, east of Taiwan Province, Taiwan Province Strait, most of the East China Sea, southwestern Yellow Sea, Taiwan Province Island, eastern Guangdong, Fujian, Zhejiang, Shanghai, Jiangsu, eastern Jiangxi, eastern Anhui and southeastern Shandong, among which the winds in Taiwan Province Strait and southern Fujian can reach 8-19.

　　Precipitation forecast:From 14: 00 on the 28th to 14: 00 on the 29th, there were heavy rains in parts of Fujian, eastern Jiangxi, eastern and southern Zhejiang, Shanghai, central and southern Anhui, southern Hebei, most of Shandong and central and northern Henan. Among them, there were heavy rains in parts of southern Anhui, northwestern Jiangxi, central and southern Zhejiang and most of Fujian, and local heavy rains (250-280 mm) in southeastern Fujian.

　　Defense guide:

　　1. The government and relevant departments shall, in accordance with their duties, do a good job in typhoon prevention and emergency rescue.

　　2. Water operations and passing ships in relevant waters should return to Hong Kong to take shelter from the wind, strengthen port facilities, and prevent ships from anchoring, grounding and collision.

　　3. Stop large-scale indoor and outdoor gatherings and dangerous outdoor operations such as high altitude.

　　4. Reinforce or dismantle structures that are easy to be blown by the wind. Personnel should not go out at will. They should stay in windproof and safe places as far as possible, so as to ensure that the elderly and children stay in the safest place at home, and the dangerous people will be transferred in time. When the typhoon center passes by, the wind will decrease or stay still for a period of time. Remember that the strong wind will suddenly blow and you should continue to stay in a safe place to avoid the wind.

　　5. Relevant areas should pay attention to prevent flash floods and geological disasters that may be caused by heavy precipitation.

　　Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, February 28th

　　Statistical Communiqué on National Economic and Social Development of People’s Republic of China (PRC) in 2018[1]

　　National Bureau of Statistics(NBS)

　　February 28, 2019

　　In 2018, in the face of the complicated and severe international environment and arduous and arduous tasks of reform, development and stability, under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core, all localities and departments, guided by the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era, fully implemented the spirit of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the Second and Third Plenary Sessions of the 19th National Congress, made overall plans to promote the "five in one" overall layout and coordinated the "four comprehensive" strategic layout in accordance with the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council. Adhere to the general tone of striving for progress through stability, thoroughly implement the new development concept, implement the requirements for high-quality development, focus on supply-side structural reform, focus on deepening reform and opening up, resolutely fight three tough battles: preventing and resolving major risks, accurately getting rid of poverty, and preventing pollution, effectively respond to profound changes in the external environment, coordinate and stabilize growth, promote reform, adjust structure, benefit people’s livelihood, prevent risks, and do a good job in stabilizing employment, finance, foreign trade, and foreign investment. The overall economic operation is stable, steady and progressing, the quality and efficiency are steadily improved, the people’s lives are continuously improved, the sustained and healthy economic development and the overall social stability are maintained, and new steps have been taken towards the goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way.

　　I. Synthesis

　　According to preliminary accounting, the annual GDP [2] was 900309 billion yuan, an increase of 6.6% over the previous year. Among them, the added value of the primary industry was 6,473.4 billion yuan, an increase of 3.5%; The added value of the secondary industry was 36.6 trillion yuan, an increase of 5.8%; The added value of the tertiary industry was 46,957.5 billion yuan, an increase of 7.6%. The added value of primary industry accounts for 7.2% of GDP, the added value of secondary industry accounts for 40.7%, and the added value of tertiary industry accounts for 52.2%. The contribution rate of final consumption expenditure to GDP growth was 76.2%, the contribution rate of total capital formation was 32.4%, and the contribution rate of net exports of goods and services was -8.6%. The per capita GDP was 64,644 yuan, an increase of 6.1% over the previous year. The gross national income [3] was 896.915 billion yuan, an increase of 6.5% over the previous year. The national energy consumption per 10,000 yuan of GDP [4] decreased by 3.1% compared with the previous year. The overall labor productivity [5] was 107,327 yuan/person, an increase of 6.6% over the previous year.

　　Figure 2: Proportion of added value of three industries to GDP from 2014 to 2018 by Xinhua News Agency

　　Figure 3: Energy consumption reduction rate of 10,000 yuan GDP in 2014-2018, Xinhua News Agency issued.

　　Figure 4: Overall Labor Productivity in 2014-2018, issued by Xinhua News Agency

　　At the end of the year, the total population of mainland China was 1,395.38 million, an increase of 5.3 million over the end of last year, of which 831.37 million were urban residents, accounting for 59.58% of the total population (urbanization rate of resident population), an increase of 1.06 percentage points over the end of last year. The urbanization rate of registered population was 43.37%, an increase of 1.02 percentage points over the end of last year. The annual birth population was 15.23 million, and the birth rate was 10.94&permil. ; The death population was 9.93 million, and the mortality rate was 7.13&permil. ; The natural growth rate is 3.81‰ . There are [6] 286 million people with separated households in China, including [7] 241 million floating population.

　　At the end of the year, there were 775.86 million employed people in China, including 434.19 million employed people in cities and towns. In 2001, 13.61 million new jobs were created in cities and towns, an increase of 100,000 over the previous year. At the end of the year, the national urban survey unemployment rate was 4.9%, down 0.1 percentage point from the end of the previous year; The registered urban unemployment rate was 3.8%, down by 0.1 percentage point. The total number of migrant workers in China [9] was 288.36 million, up by 0.6% over the previous year. Among them, there were 172.66 million migrant workers, an increase of 0.5%; There were 115.7 million local migrant workers, an increase of 0.9%.

　　The annual consumer price rose by 2.1% over the previous year. The ex-factory price of industrial producers rose by 3.5%. The purchase price of industrial producers rose by 4.1%. The investment price of fixed assets rose by 5.4%. The producer price of agricultural products [10] decreased by 0.9%. In December, the sales price of new commercial housing in 70 large and medium-sized cities increased in 69 cities, but decreased in 1 city.

　　At the end of the year, China’s foreign exchange reserves were 3,072.7 billion US dollars, a decrease of 67.2 billion US dollars from the end of the previous year. The annual average exchange rate of RMB was 6.6174 yuan to the dollar, an appreciation of 2.0% over the previous year.

　　Supply-side structural reforms have been further advanced. The utilization rate of industrial capacity in the whole year [12] was 76.5%. Among them, the capacity utilization rate of coal mining and washing industry was 70.6%, an increase of 2.4 percentage points over the previous year; The capacity utilization rate of ferrous metal smelting and rolling processing industry was 78.0%, an increase of 2.2 percentage points. At the end of the year, the area of commercial housing for sale was 524.14 million square meters, a decrease of 65.1 million square meters from the end of the previous year. Among them, the area for sale of commercial housing was 250.91 million square meters, a decrease of 50.72 million square meters. At the end of the year, the asset-liability ratio of industrial enterprises above designated size was 56.5%, down 0.5 percentage points from the end of the previous year [13]. The annual cost per 100 yuan of main business income of industrial enterprises above designated size was 83.88 yuan, down 0.20 yuan from the previous year. The annual investment in ecological protection and environmental management and agricultural fixed assets (excluding farmers) increased by 43.0% and 15.4% respectively over the previous year.

　　New kinetic energy continues to grow and develop. Among the industries above designated size, the added value of strategic emerging industries [14] increased by 8.9% over the previous year. The added value of high-tech manufacturing [15] increased by 11.7%, accounting for 13.9% of the added value of industries above designated size. The added value of equipment manufacturing [16] increased by 8.1%, accounting for 32.9% of the added value of industrial enterprises above designated size. Among the service industries above designated size [17], the operating income of strategic emerging service industries [18] increased by 14.6% over the previous year. The investment in high-tech industries [19] increased by 14.9% over the previous year, and the investment in industrial technological transformation [20] increased by 12.8%. The annual output of new energy vehicles was 1.15 million, an increase of 66.2% over the previous year; The output of smart TVs was 113.76 million units, an increase of 17.7%. The annual online retail sales were [21]90065 billion yuan, up 23.9% over the previous year.

　　Poverty alleviation has achieved remarkable results. According to the rural poverty standard of 2300 yuan per person per year (constant price in 2010), the rural poor population was 16.6 million at the end of the year, a decrease of 13.86 million compared with the end of the previous year [22]; The incidence of poverty [23] was 1.7%, down 1.4 percentage points from the previous year. The annual per capita disposable income of rural residents in poverty-stricken areas [24] was 10,371 yuan, an increase of 10.6% over the previous year, and an actual increase of 8.3% after deducting the price factor.

　　Second, agriculture [25]

　　The annual grain planting area was 117.04 million hectares, a decrease of 950,000 hectares over the previous year. Among them, the wheat planting area was 24.27 million hectares, a decrease of 240,000 hectares; The rice planting area was 30.19 million hectares, a decrease of 560,000 hectares; The corn planting area was 42.13 million hectares, a decrease of 270,000 hectares. The cotton planting area was 3.35 million hectares, an increase of 160,000 hectares. The oil planting area was 12.89 million hectares, a decrease of 330,000 hectares. The planting area of sugar was 1.63 million hectares, an increase of 90,000 hectares.

　　The annual grain output was 657.89 million tons, a decrease of 3.71 million tons or 0.6% over the previous year. Among them, the output of summer grain was 138.78 million tons, a decrease of 2.1%; The output of early rice was 28.59 million tons, a decrease of 4.3%; The output of autumn grain was 490.52 million tons, an increase of 0.1%. The annual grain output was 610.19 million tons, a decrease of 0.8% over the previous year. Among them, the rice output was 212.13 million tons, a decrease of 0.3%; The wheat output was 131.43 million tons, a decrease of 2.2%; The output of corn was 257.33 million tons, a decrease of 0.7%.

　　The annual cotton output was 6.1 million tons, an increase of 7.8% over the previous year. Oil production was 34.39 million tons, a decrease of 1.0%. The output of sugar was 119.76 million tons, an increase of 5.3%. The output of tea was 2.61 million tons, an increase of 5.9%.

　　The annual output of pork, cattle, sheep and poultry was 85.17 million tons, down 0.3% from the previous year. Among them, the output of pork was 54.04 million tons, down by 0.9%; The beef output was 6.44 million tons, an increase of 1.5%; The mutton output was 4.75 million tons, an increase of 0.8%; The output of poultry meat was 19.94 million tons, up by 0.6%. The output of poultry eggs was 31.28 million tons, up by 1.0%. The milk output was 30.75 million tons, up by 1.2%. At the end of the year, the number of live pigs was 428.17 million, down by 3.0%; 693.82 million pigs were slaughtered, down by 1.2%.

　　The annual output of aquatic products was 64.69 million tons, an increase of 0.4% over the previous year. Among them, the output of aquaculture products was 50.18 million tons, an increase of 2.3%; The output of fishing aquatic products was 14.51 million tons, down by 5.7%.

　　The annual timber output was 84.32 million cubic meters, an increase of 0.4% over the previous year.

　　In the whole year, 720,000 hectares of cultivated land were irrigated, and 1.44 million hectares of high-efficiency water-saving irrigation were added.

　　III. Industry and Construction Industry

　　The total industrial added value of the whole year was 30,516 billion yuan, an increase of 6.1% over the previous year. The added value of industrial enterprises above designated size increased by 6.2%. In industries above designated size, the added value of state-owned holding enterprises increased by 6.2% according to economic types; Joint-stock enterprises increased by 6.6%, and foreign-invested enterprises from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan increased by 4.8%; Private enterprises increased by 6.2%. In terms of categories, the mining industry grew by 2.3%, the manufacturing industry by 6.5%, and the electricity, heat, gas and water production and supply industries by 9.9%.

　　Among the industries above designated size, the added value of agricultural and sideline food processing industry increased by 5.9% over the previous year, textile industry increased by 1.0%, chemical raw materials and chemical products manufacturing industry increased by 3.6%, non-metallic mineral products industry increased by 4.6%, ferrous metal smelting and rolling processing industry increased by 7.0%, general equipment manufacturing industry increased by 7.2%, special equipment manufacturing industry increased by 10.9%, automobile manufacturing industry increased by 4.9%, and electrical machinery and equipment manufacturing industry increased by 7.3%.

　　At the end of the year, the installed capacity of power generation in China was 1,899.67 million kilowatts, an increase of 6.5% over the end of the previous year [29]. Among them [30], the installed capacity of thermal power is 1,143.67 million kilowatts, an increase of 3.0%; The installed capacity of hydropower was 352.26 million kilowatts, an increase of 2.5%; The installed capacity of nuclear power was 44.66 million kilowatts, an increase of 24.7%; The installed capacity of grid-connected wind power was 184.26 million kilowatts, an increase of 12.4%; The installed capacity of grid-connected solar power generation was 174.63 million kilowatts, an increase of 33.9%.

　　The annual profit of industrial enterprises above designated size was 6,635.1 billion yuan, up by 10.3% over the previous year [31]. In terms of economic types, the profits of state-owned holding enterprises were 1,858.3 billion yuan, an increase of 12.6% over the previous year; Joint-stock enterprises reached 4,697.5 billion yuan, up by 14.4%, and foreign-invested enterprises from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan reached 1,677.6 billion yuan, up by 1.9%. Private enterprises reached 1,713.7 billion yuan, an increase of 11.9%. In terms of categories, the profit of the mining industry was 524.6 billion yuan, an increase of 40.1% over the previous year; The manufacturing industry was 5,696.4 billion yuan, an increase of 8.7%; Electricity, heat, gas and water production and supply industries reached 414.1 billion yuan, up by 4.3%. The profit rate of the main business income of industrial enterprises above designated size was 6.49%, an increase of 0.11 percentage points over the previous year.

　　In the whole year, the added value of the construction industry in the whole society was 6,180.8 billion yuan, up by 4.5% over the previous year. The profit of general contracting and professional contracting construction enterprises with qualification grade nationwide was 810.4 billion yuan, up by 8.2% over the previous year, of which 247 billion yuan was state-owned holding enterprises, up by 8.5%.

　　Fourth, the service industry

　　The added value of wholesale and retail industry in the whole year was 8,420.1 billion yuan, an increase of 6.2% over the previous year; The added value of transportation, warehousing and postal services was 4,055 billion yuan, an increase of 8.1%; The added value of accommodation and catering industry was 1,602.3 billion yuan, an increase of 6.5%; The added value of the financial industry was 6.91 trillion yuan, an increase of 4.4%; The added value of the real estate industry was 5,984.6 billion yuan, an increase of 3.8%; The added value of information transmission, software and information technology services was 3,243.1 billion yuan, an increase of 30.7%; The added value of leasing and business services was 2,442.7 billion yuan, an increase of 8.9%. The annual operating income of service enterprises above designated size increased by 11.4% over the previous year, and the operating profit increased by 6.5%.

　　The total cargo transportation in the year was 51.5 billion tons, an increase of 7.1% over the previous year. The turnover of cargo transportation was 20,545.2 billion tons kilometers, up by 4.1%. In the whole year, the cargo throughput of ports above designated size was 13.3 billion tons, up by 2.7% over the previous year [32], of which the foreign trade cargo throughput was 4.2 billion tons, up by 2.0%. The container throughput of ports above designated size was 249.55 million TEUs, an increase of 5.2%.

　　The total passenger transport volume was 17.9 billion person-times, down by 3.1% over the previous year [33]. Passenger transport turnover was 3,421.3 billion person-kilometers, an increase of 4.3%.

　　At the end of the year, there were 240.28 million civilian vehicles (including 9.06 million three-wheeled vehicles and low-speed trucks), an increase of 10.5% over the end of last year, of which 207.3 million were private vehicles, an increase of 10.9%. The number of civilian cars was 134.51 million, up by 10.4%, including 125.89 million private cars, up by 10.3%.

　　In the whole year, the total business volume of the postal industry was 1,234.5 billion yuan, an increase of 26.4% over the previous year. The postal industry completed 2.68 billion postal mail services, 20 million parcel services, 50.71 billion express delivery services and 603.8 billion yuan in express delivery services. In 2001, the total telecommunications business was [3.5] 6.5556 billion yuan, an increase of 137.9% over the previous year. The telecom industry added 172.67 million mobile telephone exchanges, reaching 2,594.53 million. At the end of the year, the total number of telephone users in China was 1,748.35 million, including 1,566.1 million mobile phone users. The mobile phone penetration rate rose to 112.2/100 people. There were 407.38 million fixed Internet broadband access users, an increase of 58.84 million over the end of last year, including 368.33 million fixed Internet fiber broadband access users, an increase of 74.4 million; The number of mobile broadband users [39] was 1,305.65 million, an increase of 174.13 million. In 2001, the access traffic of mobile Internet users was 71.1 billion GB, an increase of 189.1% over the previous year. The software and information technology service industry [40] completed software business income of 6,306.1 billion yuan in 2001, an increase of 14.2% over the previous year in terms of comparable caliber.

　　Figure 14: Number of fixed Internet broadband access users and mobile broadband users at the end of 2014-2018, Xinhua News Agency issued.

　　V. Domestic trade[41]

　　The total retail sales of consumer goods in the whole year was 38,098.7 billion yuan, up 9.0% over the previous year. According to the statistics of business locations, the retail sales of urban consumer goods reached 32,563.7 billion yuan, an increase of 8.8%; The retail sales of rural consumer goods reached 5,535 billion yuan, up by 10.1%. According to the consumption type, the retail sales of commodities reached 33,827.1 billion yuan, an increase of 8.9%; The catering revenue was 4,271.6 billion yuan, an increase of 9.5%.

　　Among the retail sales of commodities above designated size, the retail sales of grain, oil and food increased by 10.2%, beverages by 9.0%, alcohol and tobacco by 7.4%, clothing, shoes and hats, knitwear by 8.0%, cosmetics by 9.6%, gold and silver jewelry by 7.4%, daily necessities by 13.7%, household appliances and audio-visual equipment by 8.9%, and Chinese and western medicines by 9.9%. Furniture increased by 10.1%, communication equipment increased by 7.1%, building and decoration materials increased by 8.1%, petroleum and products increased by 13.3%, and automobiles decreased by 2.4%.

　　The annual online retail sales of physical goods reached 7,019.8 billion yuan, up by 25.4% over the previous year, accounting for 18.4% of the total retail sales of social consumer goods, up by 3.4 percentage points over the previous year.

　　VI. Investment in fixed assets[42]

　　In the whole year, the investment in fixed assets of the whole society was 64,567.5 billion yuan, an increase of 5.9% over the previous year. Among them, the investment in fixed assets (excluding farmers) was 63,563.6 billion yuan, an increase of 5.9%. By region [43], the investment in the eastern region increased by 5.7%, the investment in the central region increased by 10.0%, the investment in the western region increased by 4.7%, and the investment in the northeast region increased by 1.0%.

　　Among the fixed assets investment (excluding farmers), the investment in the primary industry was 2,241.3 billion yuan, up by 12.9% over the previous year; Investment in the secondary industry was 23,789.9 billion yuan, an increase of 6.2%; The investment in the tertiary industry was 375.324 billion yuan, an increase of 5.5%. Private investment in fixed assets [44] was 39,405.1 billion yuan, an increase of 8.7%, accounting for 62.0% of fixed assets investment (excluding farmers). Infrastructure investment [45] increased by 3.8%. Investment in six high energy-consuming industries increased by 1.4%.

　　Figure 15: Proportion of three industrial investments in fixed assets investment (excluding farmers) from 2014 to 2018 by Xinhua News Agency.

　　The annual investment in real estate development was 12,026.4 billion yuan, an increase of 9.5% over the previous year. Among them, residential investment was 8,519.2 billion yuan, an increase of 13.4%; The investment in office buildings was 599.6 billion yuan, down by 11.3%; Investment in commercial premises was 1,417.7 billion yuan, down 9.4%.

　　In 2001, 6.26 million shanty towns were renovated, and 5.11 million were basically completed. 1.57 million households in rural areas across the country have rebuilt dangerous houses for poverty-stricken households who have set up files to establish cards [48].

　　VII. Foreign Economy

　　The total import and export volume of goods in the whole year was 30.505 billion yuan, an increase of 9.7% over the previous year. Among them, exports were 16,417.7 billion yuan, an increase of 7.1%; Imports reached 14,087.4 billion yuan, up by 12.9%. The import and export surplus of goods was 2,330.3 billion yuan, a decrease of 521.7 billion yuan over the previous year. The total import and export volume of countries along the "Belt and Road" [49] was 8,365.7 billion yuan, an increase of 13.3% over the previous year. Among them, exports were 4,647.8 billion yuan, up by 7.9%; Imports reached 3,717.9 billion yuan, up by 20.9%.

　　The total import and export of services in the whole year was 5,240.2 billion yuan, an increase of 11.5% over the previous year. Among them, service exports were 1,765.8 billion yuan, up by 14.6%; Service imports reached 3,474.4 billion yuan, up by 10.0%. The service import and export deficit was 1,708.6 billion yuan.

　　In 2001, foreign direct investment (excluding banking, securities and insurance) set up 60,533 new enterprises, an increase of 69.8% over the previous year. The actual amount of foreign direct investment was 885.6 billion yuan, up by 0.9%, or $135 billion, up by 3.0%. Among them, 4,479 newly established enterprises were directly invested in China by countries along the "Belt and Road", an increase of 16.1%; The amount of direct investment in China was 42.4 billion yuan, up by 13.2%, equivalent to 6.4 billion US dollars, up by 16.0%. In 2001, the actual use of foreign capital in high-tech manufacturing industry was 89.8 billion yuan, up by 35.1%, equivalent to 13.7 billion US dollars, up by 38.1%.

　　Table 13: Foreign direct investment (excluding banking, securities and insurance) and its growth rate in 2018 Xinhua News Agency issued

　　In 2001, foreign non-financial direct investment was 797.4 billion yuan, down 1.6% from the previous year, equivalent to 120.5 billion US dollars, up 0.3%. Among them, the non-financial direct investment in countries along the "Belt and Road" was 15.6 billion US dollars, an increase of 8.9%.

　　In 2001, the turnover of foreign contracted projects was 1,118.6 billion yuan, down 1.7% from the previous year, equivalent to 169 billion US dollars, up 0.3%. Among them, the turnover of countries along the "Belt and Road" was 89.3 billion US dollars, an increase of 4.4%, accounting for 52.8% of the turnover of foreign contracted projects. Foreign labor cooperation sent 490,000 laborers of various types.

　　VIII. Finance and finance

　　In the whole year, the national general public budget revenue was 18,335.2 billion yuan, an increase of 6.2% over the previous year. Among them, tax revenue was 15,640.1 billion yuan, an increase of 1,203.1 billion yuan or 8.3% over the previous year. A total of 1,313 billion yuan of local government replacement bonds were issued throughout the year, with an average interest rate of about 3.89%. In 2015-2018, a total of 12.2 trillion yuan of replacement bonds were issued, which basically achieved the established bond swap target of stock government. After replacement, the average interest rate of local government debt at the end of 2014 decreased by about 6.5 percentage points, and the accumulated interest savings were about 1.7 trillion yuan.

　　At the end of the year, the balance of broad money supply (M2) was 182.7 trillion yuan, an increase of 8.1% over the end of last year. The balance of narrow money supply (M1) was 55.2 trillion yuan, up by 1.5%; The balance of money in circulation (M0) was 7.3 trillion yuan, up by 3.6%.

　　In the whole year, the scale of social financing increased by 19.3 trillion yuan, which was 3.1 trillion yuan less than that of the previous year. At the end of the year, the stock of social financing scale [52] was 200.7 trillion yuan, an increase of 9.8% over the end of the previous year. At the end of the year, the balance of local and foreign currency deposits of all financial institutions was 182.5 trillion yuan, an increase of 13.2 trillion yuan over the beginning of the year, of which the balance of RMB deposits was 177.5 trillion yuan, an increase of 13.4 trillion yuan. The balance of local and foreign currency loans of all financial institutions was 141.8 trillion yuan, up 16.2 trillion yuan, of which the balance of RMB loans was 136.3 trillion yuan, up 16.2 trillion yuan.

　　At the end of the year, the balance of RMB loans of major rural financial institutions (rural credit cooperatives, rural cooperative banks and rural commercial banks) was 16,982.2 billion yuan, an increase of 2,000.2 billion yuan over the beginning of the year. The balance of RMB consumer loans of all financial institutions was 37,790.3 billion yuan, an increase of 6,270.9 billion yuan. Among them, the balance of personal short-term consumer loans was 8,799.4 billion yuan, an increase of 1,998.9 billion yuan; The balance of personal medium and long-term consumer loans was 28,990.9 billion yuan, an increase of 4,272 billion yuan.

　　In the whole year, domestic trading places raised [5.3] 6,436.5 billion yuan, an increase of 1,357.2 billion yuan over the previous year. Among them, the initial public offering of 105 A shares raised 137.8 billion yuan, a decrease of 92.3 billion yuan; A-share cash refinancing (including public issuance, private placement, rights issue and preferred stock) was 550.5 billion yuan, a decrease of 250.4 billion yuan; Various entities raised 5,687.8 billion yuan by issuing bonds (including corporate bonds, convertible bonds, exchangeable bonds, policy financial bonds, local government bonds and enterprise asset-backed securities) on the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges, an increase of 1,773.1 billion yuan; The national share transfer system for small and medium-sized enterprises [54] added 577 listed companies, and the listed companies raised a total of 60.4 billion yuan.

　　Corporate credit bonds [55] amounted to 7.79 trillion yuan, an increase of 1.92 trillion yuan over the previous year.

　　In the whole year, the original insurance premium income of insurance companies was 3,801.7 billion yuan, an increase of 3.9% over the previous year. Among them, the original insurance premium income of life insurance business was 2,072.3 billion yuan, the original insurance premium income of health insurance and accidental injury insurance business was 652.4 billion yuan, and the original insurance premium income of property insurance business was 1,077 billion yuan. Pay all kinds of reparations and pay 1,229.8 billion yuan. Among them, life insurance paid 438.9 billion yuan, health insurance and accident insurance paid 201.2 billion yuan, and property insurance paid 589.7 billion yuan.

　　Income, consumption and social security of residents

　　In the whole year, the per capita disposable income of the national residents was 28,228 yuan, an increase of 8.7% over the previous year. After deducting the price factor, the real increase was 6.5%. The median per capita disposable income of the national residents [57] was 24,336 yuan, an increase of 8.6%. According to the place of permanent residence, the per capita disposable income of urban residents was 39,251 yuan, an increase of 7.8% over the previous year, and a real increase of 5.6% after deducting the price factor. The median per capita disposable income of urban residents was 36,413 yuan, an increase of 7.6%. The per capita disposable income of rural residents was 14,617 yuan, an increase of 8.8% over the previous year. After deducting the price factor, the real increase was 6.6%. The median per capita disposable income of rural residents was 13,066 yuan, an increase of 9.2%. According to the national income quintile [58], the per capita disposable income of the low-income group is 6440 yuan, the per capita disposable income of the lower middle income group is 14361 yuan, the per capita disposable income of the middle income group is 23189 yuan, the per capita disposable income of the upper middle income group is 36471 yuan, and the per capita disposable income of the high income group is 70640 yuan. The average monthly income of migrant workers nationwide was 3,721 yuan, an increase of 6.8% over the previous year.

　　In the whole year, the per capita consumption expenditure of the national residents was 19,853 yuan, an increase of 8.4% over the previous year, and a real increase of 6.2% after deducting the price factor. According to the place of permanent residence, the per capita consumption expenditure of urban residents was 26,112 yuan, an increase of 6.8%, and the actual increase was 4.6% after deducting the price factor; The per capita consumption expenditure of rural residents was 12,124 yuan, up by 10.7%. After deducting the price factor, it actually increased by 8.4%. The Engel’s coefficient of national residents was 28.4%, down 0.9 percentage points from the previous year, including 27.7% in cities and towns and 30.1% in rural areas.

　　At the end of the year, the number of people participating in the basic old-age insurance for urban workers nationwide was 418.48 million, an increase of 15.55 million over the end of last year. The number of people participating in the basic old-age insurance for urban and rural residents was 523.92 million, an increase of 11.37 million. The number of people participating in basic medical insurance was 1,344.52 million, an increase of 167.71 million. Among them, the number of employees participating in basic medical insurance was 316.73 million, an increase of 13.51 million; The number of people participating in the basic medical insurance for urban and rural residents was 897.41 million, an increase of 23.82 million. The number of people participating in unemployment insurance was 196.43 million, an increase of 8.59 million. At the end of the year, the number of people receiving unemployment insurance benefits nationwide was 2.23 million. The number of people participating in industrial injury insurance was 238.68 million, an increase of 11.45 million, of which 80.85 million were migrant workers, an increase of 2.78 million. The number of people participating in maternity insurance was 204.35 million, an increase of 11.35 million. At the end of the year, a total of 10.08 million people in China enjoyed the minimum living guarantee for urban residents, 35.2 million people enjoyed the minimum living guarantee for rural residents, 4.55 million people enjoyed the assistance and support of rural poor people, and 10.75 million people received temporary assistance throughout the year. In the whole year, 49.72 million people participated in basic medical insurance and 38.25 million people received medical assistance. The state provided pensions and subsidies to 8.61 million ex-servicemen and other special care recipients.

　　At the end of the year, there were 33,000 social service organizations providing accommodation in China, including 30,000 for the aged and 664 for children. There are 7.824 million social service beds, including 7.463 million beds for the aged and 104,000 beds for children. By the end of the year, there were 27,000 community service centers and 145,000 community service stations.

　　X. Science, Technology and Education

　　The annual expenditure on research and experimental development (R&D) was 1,965.7 billion yuan, an increase of 11.6% over the previous year, accounting for 2.18% of the GDP, including 111.8 billion yuan for basic research. In the whole year, 1,052 key national R&D programs were arranged, 563 major national science and technology projects were arranged, and 44,504 projects were funded by the National Natural Science Foundation. By the end of the year, there were 501 national key laboratories in operation, 132 national engineering research centers, 217 national engineering laboratories and 1480 national enterprise technology centers. The National Scientific and Technological Achievements Transformation Guidance Fund has set up a total of 21 Zhi Zi Funds with a total capital of 31.3 billion yuan. In 2001, there were 4.323 million domestic and foreign patent applications, an increase of 16.9% over the previous year; 2.447 million patents were granted, an increase of 33.3%; The number of PCT patent applications accepted [62] was 55,000. By the end of the year, there were 8.381 million valid patents, including 1.602 million valid invention patents in China, and the number of invention patents per 10,000 population was 11.5. In 2001, 412,000 technology contracts were signed, with a turnover of 1,769.7 billion yuan, an increase of 31.8% over the previous year.

　　Figure 20: R&D expenditure and its growth rate from 2014 to 2018, Xinhua News Agency issued.

　　38 space launches were successfully completed throughout the year. The Chang ‘e-4 probe successfully landed on the back of the moon and sent the data back to Earth through relay stars, marking the official opening of the first lunar patrol mission. The basic system of Beidou-3 was completed and began to provide global services; The first space-based platform of China’s seismic stereo observation system, the Italian electromagnetic monitoring test satellite, and the first satellite of Sino-French space cooperation, the Sino-French Ocean Satellite, were successfully launched. The second aircraft carrier went to sea for trial flight, the domestic large-scale amphibious aircraft made its first flight on the water, and the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge was officially opened to traffic.

　　At the end of the year, there were 791 national quality inspection centers in China. There are 484 certification bodies for product quality, system and service in China, and 630,000 enterprises have been certified. There are 5030 legal metrological technical institutions in China, and 104.06 million measuring instruments are subject to compulsory verification throughout the year. In the whole year, 2,668 national standards were formulated and revised, of which 1,935 were newly formulated. The annual qualified rate of manufacturing products [63] was 93.93%.

　　In the whole year, 858,000 graduate students were enrolled, 2.731 million were studying and 604,000 were graduating. The college enrolled 7.91 million students, 28.31 million students and 7.533 million graduates. Secondary vocational education [64] enrolled 5.57 million students, 15.552 million students and 4.873 million graduates. Ordinary high schools enrolled 7.927 million students, 23.754 million students and 7.792 million graduates. Junior high school enrolled 16.026 million students, 46.526 million students and 13.678 million graduates. Ordinary primary schools enrolled 18.673 million students, 103.393 million students and 16.165 million graduates. There are 124,000 special education students, 666,000 students and 81,000 graduates. There are 46.564 million children in preschool education. The consolidation rate of nine-year compulsory education is 94.2%, and the gross enrollment rate in senior high school is 88.8%.

　　Figure 21: Number of students enrolled in junior colleges, secondary vocational education and ordinary high schools from 2014 to 2018, issued by Xinhua News Agency.

　　XI. Cultural Tourism, Health and Sports

　　At the end of the year, there were 2,075 art performance groups and 3,331 museums in the national cultural system. There are 3,173 public libraries in China, with a total circulation of [65] 845.29 million people. There are 3326 cultural centers. There are 214 million cable TV users, including 202 million cable digital TV users. At the end of the year, the comprehensive population coverage rate of radio programs was 98.9%, and that of TV programs was 99.3%. In the whole year, 323 TV series with 13,726 episodes and 86,257 minutes of TV cartoons were produced. In the whole year, 902 feature films and 180 science, education, documentary, animation and special films [66] were produced. It has published 34 billion newspapers, 2.4 billion periodicals and 9.5 billion books, with a per capita book possession of [67]6.85 books. By the end of the year, there were 4,210 archives in China, and 140.16 million volumes (pieces) of various archives had been opened.

　　The number of domestic tourists was 5.54 billion, an increase of 10.8% over the previous year; Domestic tourism revenue was 5,127.8 billion yuan, up by 12.3%. The number of inbound tourists was 141.2 million, an increase of 1.2%. Among them, there were 30.54 million foreigners, an increase of 4.7%; There were 110.66 million compatriots from Hongkong, Macao and Taiwan Province, up by 0.3%. Among the inbound tourists, there were 62.9 million overnight visitors, an increase of 3.6%. International tourism revenue was $127.1 billion, up by 3.0%. Domestic residents left the country 161.99 million times, an increase of 13.5%. Among them, 155.02 million people went abroad for private reasons, an increase of 14.1%; 99.19 million people went abroad to Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, an increase of 14.0%.

　　At the end of the year, there were 1.004 million medical and health institutions in China, including 32,000 hospitals, 12,000 public hospitals and 20,000 private hospitals. There are 950,000 primary medical and health institutions, including 36,000 township hospitals, 35,000 community health service centers (stations), 248,000 outpatient departments (institutes) and 630,000 village clinics; There are 19,000 professional public health institutions, including 3,469 centers for disease control and prevention and 3,141 health supervision centers. At the end of the year, there were 9.5 million health technicians, including 3.58 million licensed doctors and assistant licensed doctors and 4.12 million registered nurses. There are 8.45 million beds in medical and health institutions, including 6.56 million in hospitals and 1.34 million in township hospitals. In the whole year, the total number of medical consultations was [6.8] 8.42 billion, and the number of discharged patients was [6.9] 260 million.

　　In the whole year, Chinese athletes won 118 world championships in 24 sports, creating 15 world records. China’s disabled athletes won 50 world championships in 20 international competitions.

　　XII. Resources, Environment and Emergency Management

　　The total supply of state-owned construction land in China was [70] 643,000 hectares, an increase of 6.6% over the previous year. Among them, the industrial, mining and storage land is 132,000 hectares, an increase of 7.2%; Real estate land [71] 144,000 hectares, an increase of 24.6%; Infrastructure and other land use was 368,000 hectares, an increase of 0.7%.

　　The total amount of water resources in the whole year was 2,796 billion cubic meters. The total annual water consumption was 611 billion cubic meters, an increase of 1.1% over the previous year. Among them, domestic water consumption increased by 1.4%, industrial water consumption increased by 0.6%, agricultural water consumption increased by 1.1%, and ecological water supplement increased by 3.8%. The water consumption per 10,000 yuan of GDP is [72]73 cubic meters, down by 5.1% over the previous year. The water consumption per 10,000 yuan of industrial added value was 45 cubic meters, down 5.2%. The per capita water consumption was 439 cubic meters, an increase of 0.6% over the previous year.

　　The afforestation area was 7.07 million hectares, including 3.6 million hectares of artificial afforestation, accounting for 50.9% of the total afforestation area. Forest tending area is 8.52 million hectares. By the end of the year, there were 474 national nature reserves. The newly-increased soil erosion control area is 54,000 square kilometers.

　　According to preliminary accounting, the total energy consumption in the whole year was 4.64 billion tons of standard coal, an increase of 3.3% over the previous year. Coal consumption increased by 1.0%, crude oil consumption increased by 6.5%, natural gas consumption increased by 17.7% and electricity consumption increased by 8.5%. Coal consumption accounted for 59.0% of the total energy consumption, down 1.4 percentage points from the previous year; The consumption of clean energy such as natural gas, hydropower, nuclear power and wind power accounted for 22.1% of the total energy consumption, up by 1.3 percentage points. The comprehensive energy consumption of caustic soda per unit, synthetic ammonia per unit, steel per ton, copper smelting per unit, and standard coal consumption per kWh of thermal power generation decreased by 0.5%, 0.7%, 3.3% and 4.7%, respectively. Carbon dioxide emissions per 10,000 yuan of GDP in China decreased by 4.0%.

　　Among the 417 monitoring points of seawater quality in coastal waters, 74.6% of the monitoring points meet the national Grade I and II seawater quality standards, 6.7% are Grade III seawater, and 18.7% are Grade IV and Grade IV seawater.

　　Among the 338 monitored cities at prefecture level and above, 35.8% of them meet the urban air quality standards, and 64.2% fail to meet the standards. The average annual concentration of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in cities that failed to meet the standard (based on 262 cities where the average concentration of PM2.5 failed to meet the standard in 2015) was 43 μ g/m3, down 10.4% from the previous year.

　　Among the 323 cities that have carried out urban regional acoustic environment monitoring, 4.0% are cities with good acoustic environment quality, 63.5% are good, 30.7% are average, 1.2% are poor, and 0.6% are poor.

　　The annual average temperature was 10.09℃, down 0.30℃ from the previous year. A total of 10 typhoons landed.

　　The affected area of crops in the whole year was 20.81 million hectares, of which 2.59 million hectares were never harvested. In the whole year, the direct economic loss caused by floods and geological disasters was 106.1 billion yuan, the direct economic loss caused by drought was 25.5 billion yuan, the direct economic loss caused by low-temperature freezing and snowstorm was 43.4 billion yuan, and the direct economic loss caused by marine disasters was 4.8 billion yuan. In the whole year, there were 16 earthquakes of magnitude 5.0 or above in mainland China, which caused 11 disasters and caused direct economic losses of about 3 billion yuan. A total of 2,478 forest fires occurred in the whole year, and the affected forest area was 16,000 hectares.

　　A total of 34,046 people died in various production safety accidents throughout the year. There were 100,000 employees in industrial, mining and commercial enterprises, and 1.547 people died in production safety accidents, down by 5.6% over the previous year. The number of deaths per million tons in coal mines was 0.093, down by 12.3%. The number of deaths per 10,000 vehicles in road traffic accidents was 1.93, down by 6.3%.

　　Notes:

　　[1] The data in this bulletin are preliminary statistics. The statistics do not include Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Macao Special Administrative Region and Taiwan Province Province. Due to rounding, some data are not equal to the total of sub-items.

　　[2] The absolute figures of GDP, added value of various industries, per capita GDP and gross national income are calculated at current prices, and the growth rate is calculated at constant prices. According to the results of the third national agricultural census, the historical data such as gross domestic product, the proportion of added value of three industries and the labor productivity of all employees were revised.

　　[3] Gross national income, formerly known as gross national product, refers to the total initial distribution income obtained by all permanent units in a country or region within a certain period of time, which is equal to the gross domestic product plus the net initial distribution income from abroad.

　　[4] The energy consumption per 10,000 yuan of GDP is calculated at 2015 prices.

　　[5] The total labor productivity is the ratio of gross domestic product (calculated at 2015 prices) to all employed people.

　　[6] The population with separated households refers to the population whose residence is inconsistent with the township street where the household registration is located and who has left the household registration for half a year or more.

　　[7] Floating population refers to the population separated by households, excluding the population separated by households within the municipal area. The population with separated households within the municipal area refers to the population within the jurisdiction of a municipality directly under the central government or prefecture-level city and between districts, whose residence and household registration are not in the same township street.

　　[8] At the end of 2018, the population aged 0-14 (including those under 15 years old) was 235.23 million, and the population aged 15-59 (including those under 60 years old) was 910.66 million.

　　[9] The annual number of migrant workers includes two parts: migrant workers who have been employed outside their own towns for 6 months or more and local migrant workers who have been engaged in non-agricultural industries for 6 months or more in their own towns.

　　[10] The producer price of agricultural products refers to the price when agricultural producers directly sell their products.

　　[11] Housing prices include rental housing rent, housing maintenance and management, water, electricity and fuel prices.

　　[12] Capacity utilization refers to the ratio of actual output to production capacity (both measured in value). The actual output of an enterprise refers to the total industrial output value of the enterprise during the reporting period; The production capacity of an enterprise refers to the product output that the enterprise can realize and maintain for a long time when the production equipment (machinery) keeps normal operation under the condition of guaranteed supply of labor, raw materials, fuel and transportation during the reporting period.

　　[13] Due to the adjustment of the caliber stipulated in the statistical system, statistical law enforcement, elimination of duplicate data, and divestiture of enterprise reform, the growth rate and changes of financial indicators of industrial enterprises above designated size in 2018 are calculated according to comparable caliber.

　　[14] Industrial strategic emerging industries include energy-saving and environmental protection industries, next-generation information technology industries, biological industries, high-end equipment manufacturing industries, new energy industries, new materials industries, new energy automobile industries and other seven industries.

　　[15] High-tech manufacturing includes pharmaceutical manufacturing, aviation, spacecraft and equipment manufacturing, electronic and communication equipment manufacturing, computer and office equipment manufacturing, medical equipment and instrumentation manufacturing, and information chemicals manufacturing.

　　[16] Equipment manufacturing industry includes metal products industry, general equipment manufacturing industry, special equipment manufacturing industry, automobile manufacturing industry, railway, ship, aerospace and other transportation equipment manufacturing industry, electrical machinery and equipment manufacturing industry, computer, communication and other electronic equipment manufacturing industry, and instrument manufacturing industry.

　　[17] The statistical scope of service industries above designated size includes transportation, warehousing and postal services, information transmission, software and information technology services, real estate (excluding real estate development and operation), leasing and business services, scientific research and technical services, water conservancy, environment and public facilities management, education, health and social work, with annual business income of 10 million yuan or more; Residents’ service, repair and other service industries, cultural, sports and entertainment legal entities with annual business income of 5 million yuan or more, or employees of 50 or more at the end of the year.

　　[18] Strategic emerging service industries include service-related industries in seven major industries, including energy conservation and environmental protection industry, new generation information technology industry, biological industry, high-end equipment manufacturing industry, new energy industry, new materials industry and new energy automobile industry.

　　[19] High-tech industry investment includes six categories of high-tech manufacturing investment such as pharmaceutical manufacturing, aerospace and equipment manufacturing, and nine categories of high-tech service investment such as information services and e-commerce services.

　　[20] Investment in industrial technological transformation refers to the investment activities that industrial enterprises use new technologies, new processes, new equipment and new materials to transform and upgrade existing facilities, technological conditions and production services to achieve connotative development.

　　[21] Online retail sales refer to the retail sales of goods and services realized through public online trading platforms (online platforms mainly engaged in physical commodity trading, including self-built websites and third-party platforms). The growth rate of online retail sales in 2018 is calculated by comparable caliber.

　　[22] Poverty reduction is equal to the poverty-stricken population in that year MINUS the poverty-stricken population in the previous year, and it is also equivalent to the poverty-stricken population in that year MINUS the population returning to poverty in that year.

　　[23] The incidence of poverty refers to the proportion of poor people in the target survey population.

　　[24] Poverty-stricken areas include concentrated contiguous poverty-stricken areas and national key counties for poverty alleviation and development outside the area, with a total of 832 counties. In 2017, the Aksu region of Xinjiang began to be included in poverty monitoring.

　　[25] Historical data of agriculture, animal husbandry and fishery were revised according to the results of the third national agricultural census.

　　[26] The output data of some products in 2017 were verified and adjusted, and the output growth rate in 2018 was calculated according to the adjusted comparable caliber.

　　[27] Thermal power includes coal-fired power generation, oil-fired power generation, gas-fired power generation, waste heat, residual pressure and residual gas power generation, garbage incineration power generation and biomass power generation.

　　[28] The steel output data includes about 218 million tons of steel repeatedly processed between enterprises.

　　[29] In 2018, China Electric Power Enterprise Federation adjusted the statistical scope of installed power generation capacity, and the growth rate was calculated according to comparable caliber.

　　[30] A small amount of installed power generation capacity (such as geothermal) is not listed in the bulletin.

　　[31] See note [13].

　　[32] In 2018, the statistical scope of cargo throughput of some ports above designated size was adjusted and extended to all enterprises in Hong Kong, and the growth rate of relevant indicators was calculated according to comparable caliber.

　　[33] The total passenger transportation includes railway, highway, water transport and civil aviation business passenger transportation, of which highway passenger transportation accounts for more than 70%. In recent years, with the change of people’s travel mode, the number of residents traveling by car, online car sharing and carpooling has increased rapidly, which has diverted the road passenger traffic and led to a decline in the total passenger transportation.

　　[34] The total business volume of postal industry is calculated at the price of 2010.

　　[35] The total telecom business is calculated at 2015 prices.

　　The capacity of mobile telephone exchange refers to the maximum number of simultaneous service users calculated by mobile telephone exchange according to a certain traffic model and the processing capacity of the exchange.

　　[37] Fixed Internet broadband access users refer to users who registered in telecom enterprises at the end of the reporting period and accessed the public Internet through xDSL, FTTx+LAN, FTTH/O and other broadband access methods and ordinary private lines.

　　[38] Fixed Internet fiber-optic broadband access users refer to users who registered in telecom enterprises at the end of the reporting period and accessed the public Internet through FTTH or FTTO.

　　[39] Mobile broadband users refer to online users who have usage information in the billing system at the end of the reporting period and occupy 3G or 4G network resources.

　　[40] Software and information technology services include software development, integrated circuit design, information system integration and Internet of Things technical services, operation and maintenance services, information processing and storage support services, information technology consulting services, digital content services and other information technology services.

　　[41] According to the results of the third national agricultural census and relevant regulations, the total retail sales of social consumer goods in 2017 and the sub-base are revised, and the growth rate in 2018 is calculated according to comparable caliber.

　　[42] According to the statistical law enforcement inspection and the results of the fourth national economic census, the fixed assets investment base in 2017 was revised, and the growth rate in 2018 was calculated according to the comparable caliber.

　　[43] The eastern region refers to the ten provinces (cities) of Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, Shandong, Guangdong and Hainan; The central region refers to the six provinces of Shanxi, Anhui, Jiangxi, Henan, Hubei and Hunan; The western region refers to 12 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) of Inner Mongolia, Guangxi, Chongqing, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Tibet, Shaanxi, Gansu, Qinghai, Ningxia and Xinjiang; Northeast China refers to Liaoning, Jilin and Heilongjiang provinces.

　　[44] Private investment in fixed assets refers to the investment in the construction or purchase of fixed assets by domestic enterprises and institutions with collective, private and individual nature and enterprises controlled by them (including absolute holding and relative holding).

　　[45] Infrastructure investment includes transportation, postal services, telecommunications, radio and television and satellite transmission services, Internet and related services, and investment in water conservancy, environment and public facilities management.

　　[46] In addition to real estate development investment, real estate investment also includes self-built houses by construction units, property management, intermediary services and other real estate investments.

　　[47] High-speed railway refers to the railway with a maximum line speed of 200 km/h and above and the railway running only EMU trains below 200 km/h..

　　[48] The provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) reported the actual completion of the renovation of dilapidated houses in rural areas of poverty-stricken households by the end of December 2018.

　　[49] The Belt and Road Initiative refers to the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road.

　　[50] The import and export of services are counted according to the standard of Balance of Payments Manual (Sixth Edition), and the growth rate is calculated according to comparable caliber.

　　[51] The increment of social financing scale refers to the total amount of funds obtained by the real economy from the financial system in a certain period of time.

　　[52] The stock of social financing scale refers to the balance of funds obtained by the real economy from the financial system at the end of a certain period (the end of the month, the end of the season or the end of the year).

　　[53] The amount of funds raised in the domestic stock market is counted according to the listing date.

　　[54] The national share transfer system for small and medium-sized enterprises, also known as the "New Third Board", is a national stock exchange approved by the State Council in 2012. The accumulated fund-raising of listed companies in the national share transfer system for small and medium-sized enterprises in the whole year does not include preferred shares.

　　[55] Corporate credit bonds include non-financial corporate debt financing instruments, corporate bonds, corporate bonds and convertible bonds.

　　[56] The original insurance premium income refers to the original insurance contract premium income confirmed by the insurance enterprise.

　　[57] The median per capita income refers to the per capita income of all the survey households in the middle position according to the per capita income level from low to high (or from high to low).

　　[58] The quintuple income grouping of national residents refers to arranging all the surveyed households from high to low according to the per capita income level, and dividing them into five equal parts on average. The income group in the top 20% is the high income group, and so on, followed by the upper middle income group, the middle income group, the lower middle income group and the low income group.

　　[59] Poor people in rural areas refer to the rural elderly, disabled people and minors under the age of 16 who have no ability to work, no source of income, no obligation to support, support or their legal obligations.

　　[60] Temporary assistance is an emergency and transitional assistance given by the state to families or individuals whose basic life is in trouble due to unexpected events, accidental injuries, serious diseases or other special reasons, which can not be covered by other social assistance systems for the time being or whose basic life is still in serious difficulties for the time being after assistance.

　　[61] In addition to adoption institutions, the number of social service beds also includes beds in rescue institutions, community institutions, military rest homes, military supply stations and other institutions.

　　[62]PCT patent application acceptance refers to the number of PCT patent applications accepted by China National Intellectual Property Administration as the PCT patent application acceptance bureau. PCT(Patent Cooperation Treaty) is an international cooperation treaty in the patent field.

　　[63] The qualification rate of product quality in manufacturing industry refers to the implementation of quality sampling inspection by means of product quality inspection in accordance with the prescribed methods, procedures and standards, and the number of samples judged as qualified accounts for the percentage of all sampled samples. The statistical survey samples cover 29 industries in manufacturing industry.

　　[64] Secondary vocational education includes general secondary schools, adult secondary schools, vocational high schools and technical schools.

　　[65] The total number of people in circulation refers to the total number of people who received library services in the library venues this year, including borrowing books and periodicals, consulting questions and participating in various reader activities.

　　[66] Special films refer to those films that are displayed in different ways from conventional cinemas in terms of technology, equipment and programs, such as image maximum, stereoscopic movies, stereoscopic special effects (4D) movies, dynamic movies and dome movies.

　　[67] The per capita book ownership refers to the number of books published in the same year that each person in the country can own within one year.

　　[68] The total number of medical visits refers to the total number of medical visits, including outpatient visits, emergency visits, home visits, appointments, individual health examinations, and health consultation and guidance (excluding health lectures).

　　[69] The number of discharged patients refers to the number of all discharged patients after hospitalization during the reporting period, including those who were discharged from hospital by doctor’s advice, transferred to other medical institutions by doctor’s advice, those who were not discharged by doctor’s advice, those who died and others, excluding the number of family sickbeds.

　　[70] The total supply of state-owned construction land refers to the total supply of state-owned construction land provided by the municipal and county people’s governments to units or individuals for use according to the annual land supply plan in accordance with the law.

　　[71] Real estate land refers to the sum of commercial service land and residential land.

　　[72] The water consumption of 10,000 yuan of GDP and 10,000 yuan of industrial added value is calculated at 2015 prices.

　　Source:

　　The data of urbanization rate of registered population, civil cars and road traffic accidents in this bulletin come from the Ministry of Public Security; The data of new employment, registered unemployment rate, social security and technical schools in cities and towns come from Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security; Foreign exchange reserves and exchange rate data come from the State Administration of Foreign Exchange; The output data of aquatic products come from the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; The data of timber output, afforestation area, forest tending area and national nature reserve come from the National Forestry and Grassland Bureau. The data of irrigation area, water resources and soil erosion control area come from the Ministry of Water Resources. The data of installed power generation capacity and newly added substation equipment of 220kV and above come from China Electric Power Enterprise Association. The data of port cargo throughput, port container throughput, road transportation, water transportation, newly rebuilt road mileage, and new capacity of port 10,000-ton wharf berths come from the Ministry of Transport; The data of railway transportation, mileage of newly-built railway, mileage of newly-built double-track railway and mileage of electrified railway are from China Railway Corporation. Data of civil aviation and new civil transport airports come from the Civil Aviation Administration of China; Pipeline data comes from China Petroleum and Natural Gas Group Co., Ltd., China Petrochemical Corporation and China Offshore Oil Group Co., Ltd.; Postal service data comes from the State Post Bureau; The data of communication industry, software business income, new optical cable line length and so on come from the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology; The data of shantytown renovation and dilapidated building renovation of poor households in rural areas are from the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development; Import and export data of goods come from the General Administration of Customs;Data on service import and export, foreign direct investment, foreign direct investment, foreign contracted projects, and foreign labor cooperation come from the Ministry of Commerce. Financial data comes from the Ministry of Finance; Data of monetary, financial and corporate credit bonds come from the People’s Bank of China; The fund-raising data of domestic trading places come from China Securities Regulatory Commission; The insurance data comes from the Insurance Regulatory Commission of the Bank of China; The data of medical insurance, participation in basic medical insurance and medical assistance come from the National Medical Insurance Bureau. The data of urban and rural subsistence allowances, assistance and support for rural poor people, temporary assistance and social services come from the Ministry of Civil Affairs; The data of special care recipients comes from the Department of Veterans Affairs; National key R&D plans, national major science and technology projects, national key laboratories, scientific and technological achievements transformation guidance funds, technology contracts and other data come from the Ministry of Science and Technology; The project data of National Natural Science Foundation comes from the National Natural Science Foundation Committee; Data from National Engineering Research Center, National Engineering Laboratory and National Enterprise Technology Center come from National Development and Reform Commission. Patent data comes from China National Intellectual Property Administration; Space launch data comes from the National Bureau of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense; Data on quality inspection, formulation and revision of national standards and qualified rate of manufacturing products come from the State Administration of Market Supervision. Education data comes from the Ministry of Education; Art performance groups, museums, public libraries, cultural centers, books and tourism data come from the Ministry of Culture and Tourism; Television and radio data come from the State Administration of Radio and Television; The film data comes from the National Film Bureau; The data of newspapers and periodicals come from the State Press and Publication Administration; File data comes from the National Archives Bureau;The exit data of residents come from the National Immigration Bureau; Medical and health data come from the National Health and Wellness Committee; Sports data comes from the State Sports General Administration; The data of disabled athletes come from China Disabled Persons’ Federation; The data of state-owned construction land supply and direct economic losses caused by marine disasters come from the Ministry of Natural Resources. Data such as carbon dioxide emissions and environmental monitoring of 10,000 yuan GDP come from the Ministry of Ecology and Environment; The average temperature and landing typhoon data are from China Meteorological Bureau. The data of affected area of crops, direct economic losses caused by floods and geological disasters, direct economic losses caused by droughts, direct economic losses caused by low-temperature freezing and snowstorms, forest fires, affected forest areas and safe production come from the Emergency Management Department; The data of earthquake frequency and direct economic loss caused by earthquake disasters come from China Seismological Bureau. Other data are from the National Bureau of Statistics.

　　(Note: [1], [2], [3]… … [72] is the upper right corner)

Special feature of 1905 film network In 2022, the National Day movie list was full of positive energy. ,,, focus on the heroes in the process of overseas evacuation, emergency rescue and industrial upgrading respectively.

The same is true for the online movies that Tencent video has hit recently.Lightning Assault of Drug Hunting, Warm Smile, Here comes the teacher! "and" Warrior Company "focus on the real life of frontline anti-drug police officers, people’s teachers and Red Army martyrs. Solid plot, real three-dimensional characterization, etc., make the audience moved and think more about life.

In the future, positive energy online movies such as Superhero Huang Jiguang and Black Hawk Boys will also be launched in October. These realistic films with strong social topics have certain explosive potential.

The biggest secret of real explosion creation

Throughout the recent Tencent video popular positive energy online movies, truth has become their most popular creative secret.

With the strong support of the Anti-drug Bureau of Guangdong Provincial Public Security Department and other departments, the creative team of "Lightning Assault of Drug Hunting" visited all relevant units in urban areas, held seminars and interviews with front-line anti-drug heroes, went deep into the grassroots to experience life, learned about the hardships, joys and sorrows of anti-drug heroes, and collected a lot of first-hand information.

In an interview with the media, Luo Le, director of Warrior Company, admitted that the creative team, who didn’t know much about the details of historical events at first, gradually approached the historical scene by constantly searching and learning materials. In order to restore history faithfully, the creative team collectively went into Ganzi, visited the Luding Bridge Memorial Hall, and interviewed relevant experts and descendants of martyrs who participated in the battle of flying Luding Bridge.

In the setting, the prop team of the film also strives to "recreate" the real historical environment and immerse the audience in the plot.

"You have to be very real, and it is particularly difficult to be very real, because you have no technical assistance, and you have to do it all by yourself. Big injuries may not, and minor injuries are commonplace." According to Wang Ting’s memory, because the chains on the shooting scene were all made of solid iron, in the process of restoring the Red Army soldiers to climb the chains, the legs of actors including themselves were often bruised and broken.

In order to truly restore the profession of people’s teachers, Song Xiaofeng also did a lot of homework.

"Although the film does not clearly describe the age, it should be in the 1990s. I often recall the image of my childhood teacher. When filming, I often take classes with students at school, look at the teacher’s speech list, sit and lie on the road, and often portray them." Song Xiaofeng, the star of Tencent’s video solo "Warm Smile", bluntly said that there was a big gap between her image and the teacher, which made the performance more difficult. In order to make the character authentic, he did a lot of observation and thinking.

In the film, Li Wennuan was born with a stutter, but in real life, when Song Xiaofeng encounters nervous and sad things, a similar situation will happen. Therefore, he skillfully integrated this life experience into the performance, making the role more real and natural.

The true display of human nature has also become one of the highlights of positive energy online movies.Liao Lianchang, played by Wang Ting in Warriors Company, is the backbone of the whole team. In this character, irritability and carefulness coexist, which is true and credible. In the film, he will severely criticize the instructors who may delay the team’s actions, and will also talk to the little soldiers like father and son before attacking the bridge.

The film producer Shen Yujing said frankly, "In the face of danger and pressure, he is also a person who will be anxious and angry. He is a fresh person." What the creative team has to do is to restore the truth in history and human nature.

Society needs more positive energy film and television works.

In the fast-paced modern life, people will always encounter all kinds of realistic pressures, and it is inevitable that they will be depressed. Positive energy film and television works can often encourage people to face difficulties and actively face problems through the power of light and shadow. Therefore, such works have become a social spiritual food just needed.

"This is my first online movie, so I am very cautious, so what really attracts me about this movie is its theme and this character." In an interview with 1905 Film Network, Wang Ting admitted that Liao Lianchang, played in Warrior Company, had many similarities with himself. The revolutionary martyrs shed their blood for the people’s happy life, which also deeply touched them.

This spirit of facing difficulties and going forward bravely is also the greatest driving force for the development of the present era. At the same time, the film was selected into the creation and communication project of network audio-visual programs of the State Administration of Radio, Film and Television and the top 20 recommended works of network audio-visual programs to meet the party.

"As a literary and art worker, we must convey positive energy. Although I am a comedian, it is what we are pursuing to give the audience a little thought after laughing." In an interview, Song Xiaofeng hopes to let the audience feel the truth, goodness and beauty in human nature through his works.

At the same time, he also said that he especially wants to play a soldier in the future. The positive energy brought by this professional group deeply attracted him. In real life, his father is also a veteran.

In the future, viewers will be able to watch more positive energy online movies on Tencent video, such as Superhero Huang Jiguang, which is scheduled to go online on October 2nd, and Black Hawk Boys, which will go online on October 11th.

In order to ensure the realism of "Superhero Huang Jiguang", before filming, the crew invited professional military directors to train the actors and carefully select various military actions. In addition, the creative team also consulted a large number of historical materials to restore the true colors of heroes as much as possible.

"Black Hawk Boys" is based on real events, and is played by the members of the "Liangshan Black Hawk" junior basketball team, focusing on the love and persistence of Yi teenagers in basketball dreams.

Chen Tie, the producer of the film, said, "It has no ups and downs, and the audio-visual language is relaxed and lively. I believe that after watching it, the audience will feel warm and feel that life is so beautiful."

After years of development, the online movie market has entered the era of high-quality products. As one of the representatives of domestic long video platforms, Tencent Video will spare no effort to support positive energy online movies.

"This Yang Jian is really not Yang Jian." After the animated film "New God List: Yang Jian" was released, many viewers sighed.

When Yang Jian, the "Erlang God", is mentioned, many people’s first impression of him is: he was born in a noble family, commanding and commanding, and his military value was not inferior to that of the Monkey King. However, in The New List of Gods: Yang Jian, Yang Jian became a "god of war". In order to make a living, he had to work as a silver catcher in the celestial world. At the same time, Yang Jian has the face value of "the best in three realms". Whether in white or wearing battle armor, its shape is chic and handsome, which makes many viewers call "the most handsome Yang Jian in history was born".

Yang Jian, the New List of Gods, is the second work in the series of "New List of Gods", which belongs to the same world view as New Gods: Nezha Reborn. The film continues the interpretation of the "classic new interpretation" that the light-chasing animation is good at, and once again reshapes the traditional myth. In its first week, the box office has exceeded 134 million yuan. A few days ago, Evonne, director and Lu Xi, producer of "New God List: Yang Jian", told Variety Daily the behind-the-scenes production story of the birth of "the most handsome Yang Jian".

Two Stories of "Breaking the Mountain to Save Mother"

The List of New Gods: Yang Jian tells the story of Yang Jian, who was wronged and depressed after the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, earning a living by rewarding silver catchers. One day, Yang Jian accepted a silver reward from a mysterious visitor to hunt down a teenager, and unexpectedly found that the teenager was his own nephew, Aquilaria sinensis. Aquilaria sinensis is determined to find the lotus lantern and cut the mountain to save her mother, but it will lead to great disaster. Yang Jian embarked on a journey to pursue agarwood and uncover the dusty past …

Evonne

Zhao Ji, the director of this film, once directed White Snake: Origin and New Gods: Nezha Reborn, the representative works of light-chasing animation. He recalled that at the beginning of 2019, "White Snake: The Origin" had just been released, and New Gods: Nezha Reborn was still in the process of making it, and he had already started to conceive the play at the same time. "Speaking of mythical figures, in addition to Nezha and the Monkey King, there is another person who impressed me very much, namely Yang Jian. He has a wide range of cognition, but few special stories; He is not only top-notch in combat effectiveness, but also has distinctive features, such as three eyes and a roaring dog, which gives us ample creative space. "

When doing character research in the early stage, Evonne found that there are two stories about saving the mother by splitting the mountain in folklore, one is Yang Jian and the other is Aquilaria sinensis. Why do uncles and nephews have to cut mountains to save their mothers? What’s the secret behind it? These associations made Evonne boldly adapt and reconstruct the two stories in series, trying to inject new vitality into the familiar myth. "The shell of the film is to save the mother by chopping the mountain, and the emotional core is to go through fire and water for relatives." Evonne said.

Under the same overhead worldview system as New Gods: Nezha Reborn, the film further extends the temporal and spatial background. Evonne revealed that both films tried to discuss "breaking fate".

Producer Lu Xi said that "The New God List: Yang Jian" is the seventh film of light-chasing animation, and each film focuses on different characters and stories. "I hope that the audience will follow the second brother Yang Jian to wander in the fairy world and experience the days of a fairy."

Different Yang Jian.

"The role of Yang Jian is very interesting. He is not like Nezha, and everyone can associate him with the way he wears two buns. Although Yang Jian often appears in different film and television works, his image has not solidified. " Evonne said that he wanted to use this film to create a brand-new Yang Jian.

When designing Yang Jian’s character image, the first key word that flashed through Evonne’s mind was "handsome". "He is a noble and invincible god of war, which sounds very handsome." In the film, Yang Jian is tall and slender, with knife-shaped eyebrows and stars, which has captured many audiences. In previous film and television works, Yang Jian was a god in the clouds, but Zhao Ji wanted to write a more human Yang Jian. For example, what happens when he loses his eye? So, the director gave Yang Jian a new person: the celestial eye was injured, and the immortal aura and super fighting power no longer existed. He was lazy and took a group of younger brothers to "work" in the divine world. This setting breaks away from the audience’s traditional impression of Yang Jian. "He is an emotionally restrained and soft-hearted person. Although he looks free and easy, he has memories in his heart that he can’t tell others." Evonne said.

In the film, mythical figures such as Aquilaria Resinatum, Shen Gongbao and the Four Heavenly Kings also appeared in succession. Aquilaria sinensis is a rebellious teenager who lost his mother when he was a child. Compared with the characters in cartoons such as Lotus Lantern, it adds some sense of cruelty and loneliness. Shen Gongbao, a tiger, helped Aquilaria find the Lotus Lantern. Surprisingly, Shen Gongbao is no longer a villain. He is full of ambition but can’t display it. He drinks all day long to drown his sorrows. Evonne revealed that Shen Gongbao’s character refers to Liu Ling, "Brewmaster" among the seven sages of the bamboo forest. "Because he was frustrated in troubled times, he found a more chic lifestyle."

Art design draws on China traditional culture.

"Another attraction of this movie is that it reshapes the fantasy world of immortals." Evonne introduced that the celestial world in the film consists of different fairy islands, including Penglai, Fanghu and Yingzhou. Among them, Penglai City is particularly amazing, with rows of spectacular buildings with unique oriental characteristics, just like a three-dimensional city. Although it is an ancient background, the film continues New Gods: Nezha Reborn’s artistic style and bold imagination. Immortals can’t walk on clouds, but can only fly a spaceship and spend money to add "mixed vitality" as fuel.

Lu Xi

Lu Xi bluntly said that the series of "New List of Gods" takes "Inheritance and Innovation of Classic Culture" as the core creative concept, and "New List of Gods: Yang Jian" is set in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, and its architecture, clothing and art are all based on traditional culture, striving to convey oriental aesthetics to the audience. To this end, the creative team consulted a large number of historical materials, visited Shaanxi History Museum, Dunhuang, Huashan and other historical and cultural attractions, and drew inspiration from them.

For example, the mortise and tenon structure of Penglai Xiandao comes from different dynasties such as Shang, Zhou and Han Dynasties. The design of Yingzhou Xiandao refers to the Crescent Spring in Dunhuang. The flying dance of "Wan Luo" is inspired by the murals of Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes; Yue Xian Square refers to Cao Zhi’s "Ode to a Bronze Quetai" and combines the colors of Dunhuang murals. The costume props in the film also refer to the style of Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties. "Yang Jian’s robe and headscarf used tie-dye elements because tie-dye was very popular at that time." Strange creatures such as the wing bird, the four-armed Xingtian, and the enlightened beast of Tianlong originated from Shan Hai Jing.

In terms of special effects technology, Evonne revealed that the total rendering of this film is 20% more than that of White Snake 2: The Green Snake Robbed. In order to highlight the oriental texture in CG shots, the main creator abandoned the three-dimensional structure and presented it in ink and two-dimensional style. "It took more than one year from conceptual design to production completion."

The beautiful flying dance in the film was performed by professional dancers when shooting, and then presented in three dimensions by real-life motion capture technology, and the 360-degree spatial change and camera movement were added. "The most challenging part is the handling of streamers and hair when the characters move, and the calculation amount is 20-30 times that of ordinary lenses." Lu Wei said.

With the addition of new characters, the series of "New God List" has gradually become full. Evonne said that the follow-up story is already in the planning. "There may be a sequel to Nezha or Yang Jian in the future, and there will be new series and new heroes to join."

Welfare broadcast

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(3) According to the background sequence, the top 20 users each get a movie ticket redemption code.

(4) Deadline of this activity: 12:00 on August 23rd.

service regulations

1. The price of the 2D/3D version of the convertible movie "The List of Gods: Yang Jian" is not higher than the number of times in 60 yuan, and it cannot be superimposed with all activities (including cinema cards, 88vip, etc.);

2. One user is limited to 4 tickets. If one order has multiple seats, multiple tickets can be used;

3. The theaters supported by coupons are subject to the Taobao Film platform display when users use them;

4. The validity period of the exchange certificate: August 15, 2022-September 19, 2022, and it will not be returned or exchanged after expiration.

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Wen | Mirror Entertainment, author | Liang Jialie, editor Zhang Fengyi

"In 1995, the" Red Fan District "established the Spring Festival file, and now I have participated in the first Spring Festival file of online movies, which is quite meaningful to my own film life." In an interview, director Tang Jili expressed his special feelings about this year’s online release of new films and his participation in online Spring Festival archives.

This year’s Spring Festival is a bit special.

Today, seven Chinese New Year movies, including Detective Chinatown 3, Hi, Mom and A Writer’s Odyssey, have been launched in major theaters one after another. At 13: 47 this afternoon, Detective Chinatown 3 broke the record of 1.458 billion yuan on the first day of the 2019 Chinese New Year movie, and a new single-day box office record for China movies was set.

At the same time, the diary of making a fortune directed and starring by Song Xiaobao and two new films of The Legend of Shaolin Temple directed by Tang Jili and starring Wang Baoqiang and Dahong Ni have also logged into iQiyi at 10 o’clock this morning.

When recalling the origin of the concept of Spring Festival stalls, Tang Jili mentioned that cinemas were closed during the Spring Festival before 1995. At that time, because "Hongfan District" sold so well, cinemas were opened during the Spring Festival. Because of a small episode, there will be an attractive effect for high-quality filmmakers in the next 20 years.

The first "Spring Festival" in the online movie market came suddenly and pleasantly.

The proposal of "celebrating the New Year on the spot" this year has given many young people who don’t go home for the New Year a chance to get rid of the soul torture of "being urged to marry by all kinds". At the same time, during the seven-day long holiday of the Spring Festival, they also have more disposable entertainment time.

On social platforms, discussions about "what to do at home during the Spring Festival this year" come and go … Apart from exercising, reading, studying and playing games, many people said that they would take this opportunity to clean up their homes and improve the "house quality"; There are still people who want to be exquisite "dry rice people", even if their cooking skills are not enough, they must put together; Among many homebody games, Switch and online werewolf killing are favored; Of course, if you are a migrant worker who has been busy for a year, it may be most desirable to lie quietly on the sofa.

In addition to punching in all the dramas that haven’t been finished yet, this year, many people have chosen to nest on the sofa and open a new online film …

From 2012 to 2021The online schedule has finally "laid hands on" the new film at the cinema level.

In the Spring Festival file where the audience’s demand for watching movies soared, the three major video websites of Aiyouteng jointly launched the online Spring Festival file. In fact, the scheduled operation of video platforms in the film field has a long history.

At the end of 2012, iQiyi launched the concept of "Movie Network New Year File". At that time, the second part of Xú Zhēng’s "Embarrassment" series "Too Embarrassed for People" was launched on the line of iQiyi shortly after it was released in the cinema. However, at that time, the video platform combined the online release of cinema films with important schedules, more for the sake of attracting users’ attention.

Later, the scheduling operation was used more and more skillfully, and the deployment of important movie schedules by video websites basically became the norm. In 2019, both iQiyi and Tencent Video launched "online summer files", among which iQiyi launched cinema movies such as Alita and Munich, and online movies such as Chen Xiang’s 6: 30 Building. At the same time, more than 100 movies including science fiction and main theme were gathered in the "Summer Brush File" area of the station.

A few years ago, there was still a window period between new cinema films released online and cinemas, and there were not many cinema-level films released exclusively online. However, this situation was reversed in 2020.

In February, 2020, the movie "Flying Dragon Crossing the River" starring Donnie Yen was launched in the form of PVOD (single-chip payment). Since then, films such as Spring Tide, Spring River Plumbing, Mr. Monster and Cold-blooded Feast have started the tide of online single-chip payment distribution.

Under the influence of the epidemic, film and television companies have regarded online distribution as one of the key points in the next stage at forums such as the Shanghai Film Festival and the press conferences of major film companies in the past year.

This is not a helpless move in a special period. After online movies have cultivated enough market space, many users who know movies have become accustomed to opening video platforms to find a good movie, and many traditional filmmakers have gradually established their trust in online distribution, the epidemic has actually only played a catalytic and accelerated role. Even without the influence of external objective factors, good movies will embrace online on a large scale sooner or later, and it is only a matter of time.

In 2021, the emergence of online Spring Festival files became this turning point. The two films "Diary of Making a Rich" and The Legend of Shaolin Temple are not losing new cinema films, which shows that the industry is optimistic about this new distribution channel. In order to make this historic online Spring Festival file play a greater role, three video platforms made a joint promotion.

In fact, since last year, the simulcast mode of several video platforms has been applied to individual single-chip paid films, such as "Chen Xiang’s Folk Master at 6: 30" which was released in iQiyi and Youku at the same time, and "Mr. Monster" which was released in PVOD mode in three head video platforms at the same time.

The goal of this alliance of the three platforms is to make the concept of online Spring Festival archives truly land, and let online distribution enter a new stage of scheduled, large-scale and systematic output. Behind this is the determination of streaming media to create a new market for film practitioners online.

It can be imagined that after the scheduled operation of video websites has changed, the films released online in the future can choose the featured and differentiated online schedule more freely. This means that many films will no longer have to be delayed because of the scheduling problem, which will affect the return of funds, and small and medium-sized films can also open up differentiated competitive advantages in online distribution.

If the D2C mode (Direct-to-Consumer) is realized, movies may be able to create a "double 11" movie festival on the video platform, just like e-commerce. According to the model of double 11, in recent years, e-commerce platforms have spawned numerous shopping festivals, such as "618", "Good Things Festival" and "New Year Festival", which are almost three days long and five days long. As long as there are more online movies in the future, video websites can create more online schedules and movie festivals like e-commerce platforms.

A new TO C scene that makes more movies "look up"

In 2020, there will be 78 online movies with over 10 million accounts on the three major video platforms, among which only iQiyi owns 42 online movies with over 10 million accounts.

Nowadays, online viewing is more convenient, the scenes are more abundant, and the viewing technology is constantly improving. For example, iQiyi has loaded new technologies such as 4K, Dolby Horizon HDR, Dolby Panoramic Sound, iQiyi HDR and ultra-high frame rate in the "Super Cinema", and these advantages are constantly deepening the potential of the online movie market.

The reason why the streaming media platform can promote online distribution to such a high volume in a year or two is that it meets the needs of the audience, and at the same time, the online distribution channel is essentially needed by the film market.

Nowadays, under the "parallel scene" where online and offline work together, it is most important to let the right film be released in the right scene. For example, Operation Red Sea The Wandering Earth and other heavy industries, big special effects, and large-scale movies, as well as My People，My Country, which are more likely to arouse the "national sentiment", are more suitable for cinema release, while light-weight movies such as Spring Tide and Spring River Plumbing, which are relatively low in cost and more suitable for long-term fermentation, are now more selected for online release.

The strengthening of the head effect in the cinema market has brought a more intense competitive environment. Even though the box office explosions and dark horses are exciting, there are many films below 10 million box office. In this context, the online distribution channel constructed by the video platform undoubtedly provides a new breakthrough opportunity for the middle and tail films.

The maturity of the online distribution business model provides a strong guarantee for the film side to generate income. In 2020, Iqiyi became the first video platform in China to show movies in PVOD mode, which made online distribution in addition to sub-accounts, and added the same TO C mode as offline movie tickets. This new business model is oriented to the movie value itself, and it is also a long-term cultivation of online movie users’ consumption habits.

According to the latest data from Hub Entertainment Research, the PVOD model is being welcomed by young consumers, and more than 60% of the respondents (aged 18-34) said that they might pay for the latest release of movie on demand. This also indicates that the PVOD model will become an important carrier for the film to achieve profitability and feed back the content creation at present and in the future.

The online distribution channels constructed by video platforms such as iQiyi not only bring a new choice and possibility for the diversified content in the film market, but also provide a new exhibition stage for film creators.

Online distribution with multiple loads can bring new channels for new directors to reach the audience. As Tang Jili said: "Many young directors may not be able to get on the cinema, which has a great publicity cost, and with the network platform, it can help train more young filmmakers of a new generation."

"Butterfly Effect" of Brand Operation

Whether it is the continuous increase in the number of new films released on the network of Aiyouteng’s three platforms, or the new scene of TO C created by iQiyi in PVOD mode, or the gradual evolution of online distribution in the whole film industry, it is the driving force for the ecological formation of online distribution.

In this process, the branded operation of online distribution channels is also a sign that the market is moving towards a mature stage. Although online distribution has just started, it may be too early to discuss the brand operation of online cinema, but the forward-looking video platform has consciously launched its own online cinema brand and cinema brand.

After all, for the whole film industry, online distribution is the general trend. In the future, if the video platform wants to gain the core competitiveness in the online distribution market, the brand operation ability is an indispensable link. Therefore, after forming their own barriers in the field of variety and drama, the video platform is now forming an early brand division in the film field.

In 2020, when more than 10 new films such as Spring Tide, Spring River Plumbing, Marriage Story, We Never Give Up and Journey were released, iQiyi emphasized its online cinema brand "Super Cinema".

Ren Xiaoxiao, a producer in The Legend of Shaolin Temple, mentioned in an interview recently that video platforms all want to build a super cinema brand, which actually reflects the service requirements of network users, including but not limited to audio-visual quality. The audience’s appetite is always "sharp", and the video platform needs to meet the requirements of the audience for "pioneer" and innovation through brand operation.

Perhaps, this brand operation is an initial point, which will realize a "butterfly effect" in the dynamic system of the film market.

It can be imagined that when more and more high-quality films break the ceiling of revenue through online cinema brands, the divergence of brand effect will attract more users to choose online viewing, and drive more industry practitioners to re-examine the online value and participate in it.

This will be a process of continuously attracting partners and talents for online distribution. When this magnetic field accommodates more and more high-quality practitioners, it will have a positive impact on the improvement of network content quality and the breakthrough of users and industrial scale.

Just as the cinema market has developed for many years, there have emerged cinema companies such as Wanda Cinema, Dadi Cinema and United Cinema. They have stimulated the movie-watching needs of fans by virtue of brand image building, and also attracted a large number of fixed fans and partners through their own hard power. The growth and scale expansion of these cinema brands have naturally become one of the driving forces for the development of the film industry.

Judging from the current development of online distribution, several video platforms are more similar in business model and brand operation.

In the process of absorbing cinema-level new films, the penetration of each platform into the film industry may be different, but from the perspective of development track, the biggest difference in the future may come from the number and variety of single-chip paid films on the platform.

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In the face of the proposal of "celebrating the New Year on the spot", the three platforms quickly launched the online Spring Festival file in 2021. This high-speed coping ability was precipitated in the process of deepening the online film market, and what was revealed behind it was the trust and consensus between online and offline, and the filmmakers in the whole industry.

If the centralized delivery of high-quality new films in the online Spring Festival can make the market see the content cohesion and production capacity of online movie-watching brands and the potential of offline market in PVOD mode, then the online distribution channel is bound to go to more filmmakers.

Nowadays, online distribution has become a new slogan of "the future can be expected" on a global scale. This is inseparable from the accidental factor of epidemic, and also from the continuous efforts of streaming media online movie market and distribution ecology, such as the launch of PVOD model and the branded operation of online cinemas, which are all "building a foundation" for this growing market.

Nowadays, the film market has entered a new stage of the development of cinema and online double-line, which are intertwined in parallel and bring a brand-new chemical reaction to the whole industry in the integration.

Rome was not built in a day, but the online movie market is also accelerating in its own way under the scheduled operation and brand operation.

More exciting content, pay attention to titanium media micro-signal (ID: taimeiti), or download titanium media App.

In 1953, the Senior Nursing School of Peking Union Medical College was officially dissolved after 33 years of spring and autumn.

Prior to this, the senior nursing school and the medical college went through several times of disintegration and baptism by gunfire, as well as harsh "elite education", English teaching, elimination mechanism, internship, studying in the United States … The highlight and darkness coexist, and the inside story of education remains unchanged.

After that, nursing education entered the period of "technical secondary school mode", in which "Secondary Five" was common (that is, graduating from junior high school and going to technical secondary health school) and "Senior Six" was rare (high school+junior college was six years). Nie Yuchan, the former president of the Nursing School of Peking Union Medical College, once said: "After four months of hard migration and running schools in the rear during the war, the nursing school of Peking Union Medical College was not retained.". It was not until the 1980s that it gradually regained its glory. In 1983, Tianjin Medical College first set up five-year undergraduate nursing education, which brought it back to light.

The work of nurses is often replaced by "injection" and "medicine distribution", and the academic background of nurses is often synonymous with "poor students". Stable work, integrated with medicine, is often excluded from medicine.

Prescription right is not a precedent, and it has existed abroad for a long time. However, in China, the soil of nursing vocational education is not perfect, and the implementation of nurse prescription right is also stumbling.

By the end of 2021, the number of registered nurses in National Health Commission has reached 5.018 million, and nearly 80% of them have graduated from colleges and universities. However, according to Liu Hua, director of the nursing department of a hospital in Shenzhen, "education is the cornerstone of practice, and at this stage, most of our vocational education (that is, the mechanism of sending students from Secondary Five/third-party labor) may still be difficult to match the difficulty and intensity of hospital work."

The liberalization of the rights and interests of nurses’ prescription right in Shenzhen Special Economic Zone is only the beginning, and a series of supporting facilities such as the entry threshold for specialized nurses have not been supplemented, and the reshaping of vocational education in related disciplines is the fundamental.

This article comes from WeChat WeChat official account:Caijiandao (id: artofwealthandhealth)Author: Zhang Yuqi, Yan Yang, editor: Yang Zhongxu, drawing: Zhang Yuqi, original title: "Shenzhen nurses can prescribe! Patient trust, talent gap, industrial outbreak, still waiting for time ",the first picture comes from: vision china.

On June 23rd, news came out from Shenzhen Special Economic Zone that nurses would have the right to prescribe with certain authority. At that time, applause and controversy arose at the same time, and there was a discussion around the scope, power and responsibility of nurses’ right to prescribe.

In the revised Medical Regulations of Shenzhen Special Economic Zone(hereinafter referred to as "medical regulations")Article 64 clearly states,Nurses with specialist nurse certificates can issue examination application forms, treatment application forms, topical drugs and other practice activities in nursing specialist clinics or community health service institutions.

This local medical regulation, known as the "advanced upgraded version" of the SAR medical regulations, will be implemented on January 1, 2023.

According to the practitioners involved in the revision of medical regulations, before the final version was published, they participated in the revision of 13 different versions. The specific rules behind the "nurse’s prescription right" in the medical regulations and the division of rights and interests are still under planning.

The "dispute over prescription right" is not about who signs and who is responsible, but about the same frequency resonance of the practice level, vocational education and supporting measures behind the prescription right.

Zhangyan, head nurse of comprehensive rehabilitation department of a hospital in Shenzhen, mentioned many times in her communication with her peers.Nurses’ prescription right not only benefits nurses themselves, but also benefits patients..

Patients don’t want to go back and forth and register repeatedly, but they are subject to the authority. Nurses often have the skills and can change clothes, but they don’t have the authority, which is a double loss of money and time for patients.

Of course, "if there is only a single prescription right, it can’t go too far," Liu Hua said.

According to Huang Wei, director of the medical department of a hospital in Shenzhen, although it is a good thing for nurses to let go of prescription rights, in the medical regulations, prescriptions prescribed by doctors can be reimbursed by medical insurance, and it is still inconclusive whether the prescriptions prescribed by nurses can be connected with medical insurance in the future.　

How far the nurse’s prescription power goes is unknown, but medical treatment itself is a long process of trust. Doctors are trusting nurses, and patients are choosing medical care.

First, the limited right of nurses to prescribe

Nurses’ prescription right has long existed.

In 2017, Anhui Province took the lead in trying to give nurses the right to prescribe. Compared with the regulations of Shenzhen, the scope of prescription right of nurses in Anhui Province was narrower and the assessment was more stringent, which was expressed by a formula: "Strict assessment mechanism+specialist nursing clinic = limited prescription right under the guidance of doctors".

Senior nurses have more rights and interests, the academic community is exploring, and the industry is crossing the river by feeling the stones.

This year(2017)Peking University College of Nursing recruits the first batch of senior practicing nurses in chronic disease management in China.(2, equivalent to practicing nurses in the United States)After completing the professional master’s course and clinical practice training, it is expected to become a pioneer with limited prescription rights and participation in chronic disease management.

Nurse practitioner（NP，nurse practitione）Clinically, it is often called "nurse doctor", which refers to a registered nurse who is specially trained to provide many primary health care usually carried out by doctors. Their nurses with specialized skills and knowledge can diagnose and treat patients and have the right to prescribe.

According to statistics, from 2012 to 2017, Guangdong Nursing Association trained ICU in five years.(intensive care unit)There are 2836 specialist nurses in 14 specialties, including specialist nurses and static therapy specialist nurses. On this premise, in 2018, hospitals in Guangdong Province successively opened nursing clinics, PICC clinics, midwifery clinics and wound ostomy clinics.

When the outpatient service is opened, the rights and interests are released, pointing to who owns the prescription right within the outpatient service.

According to zhangyan’s recollection, the prescription right of nurses was very limited at that time, and only a few head nurses had the authority to apply for treatment.

For example, when a patient with stress injury goes to the hospital for face-to-face consultation, the nurse first evaluates the wound condition in the dressing changing room of the outpatient clinic, then registers with the doctor, and then the doctor makes a prescription for dressing change, and then the outpatient nurse changes the dressing. The whole process is summed up in the queue at the payment office, the consultation room or the dressing changing room, and the time cost and registration cost are drowned in the hospital. In fact, if the nurse has certain prescription rights, most of the dressing changing problems can be solved.

Having the right to prescribe is not only for improving personal rights and interests, but also for patients.

Many head nurses said that although patients have much higher trust in doctors than nurses, with the improvement of nurses’ professional skills, patients’ trust is also improving. Huang Wei said that the division of labor between doctors and nurses in hospitals is different. Some treatments, such as PICC catheterization and nursing, are more professional for nurses; Some such as deep vein catheterization.(Infusion port implantation)Our doctors are more familiar with the operation, but they need nurses to change the dressing.

Opening up the rights and interests of nurses is convenient for nursing and the promotion of autonomy. For doctors, it diverts doctors’ prescription rights, and the work pressure itself is great. Why not release some rights that should be diverted? Huang Weiru said.

As early as October, 2021, when west china hospital started the Senior Practical Nurse Program, the relevant nursing professionals felt that if vocational education and medical treatment were derailed, nurses’ autonomy and nursing professional level could not be improved.

The expansion of prescription right continues.

Although Anhui Province, as the leader of the "pilot project", "sank" the first batch of 78 senior nurses to the grassroots level to carry out specialist nursing clinics to supplement the position of general practitioners, Anhui’s prescription rights have not really landed, and the rights and interests of nurses under the guidance of doctors are still limited.

Controversy among all parties is difficult to implement, which is the first step to limit the promotion of nurses’ prescription rights.

Liu Hua mentioned that in the dispute of prescription right, the most intuitive feeling is who owns the graded nursing prescription for clinical patients. Nursing majors learn how to distinguish between primary care and secondary care in medical college. Although it is necessary to distinguish the nursing levels of patients in clinical practice, in practice, the prescription right of graded care is not owned by nurses, and the graded care prescribed by doctors is sometimes not necessarily right, but it is actually difficult to shake the power to follow and follow the doctor’s advice.

In addition, how to make patients trust is also a long process in the promotion process.

According to Wang Li, the head nurse of the emergency department of a hospital in Shenzhen, some of her peers are specialized nurses in wound repair in Guangdong Province.(also the head nurse of the surgical ward)She helps patients to repair pressure ulcers by opening an outpatient clinic. Different from clinicians, nurses work in three shifts, have the most contact with patients, give consideration to clinical and outpatient services, and need to make patients trust nurses, so the difficulty coefficient is greatly improved. How to make patients accept nurses to sit in the clinic? How to find patients who need more help? Every question needs thinking.

Driving the clinic into the ward was the idea of the peers at that time. To this end, her colleagues went deep into the ward to help deal with liquefied wounds, pressure ulcers, diabetic feet, etc. in the department, and the word-of-mouth effect started, and the patient’s trust in nurses also improved.

At present, the nurses’ prescription rights in Shenzhen medical regulations are still being explored, and their rights and interests are expanding compared with those in other places. However, the detailed rules have not been drawn up and the contents have not been implemented. Whether it can be successful or not, and to what extent, everything remains to be seen.

Second, what power does the prescription right give nurses?

Medical treatment is never trivial.

Shenzhen’s short words about nurses’ prescription rights are behind the fact that patients’ huge needs for professional nursing and out-of-hospital nursing have not been met for a long time.

It is worth noting that,The subject of releasing nurses’ prescription right actually refers to specialist nurses, not all nurses..

What is a specialist nurse? Based on the description of many practitioners, it can be simply understood that there are high-level expert nurses in some nursing fields, with corresponding qualifications, long experience and high level.

At present, the qualification of specialist nurses is mainly obtained through a series of processes: hospital recommendation registration, passing examination, participating in study and rotation.

Zhangyan told Caijiandao that those who can be recommended by the hospital to participate in specialist nurse training must first be the best recognized by everyone in the department. Secondly, there are certain requirements for professional titles, at least nurses.(Junior nurse-nurse-nurse in charge)Generally, the top three hospitals should ask for a supervisor nurse or above.

Wang Li also said that taking the emergency department as an example, first, the nurses who participated in the training should have at least 5 years of working experience in the emergency department; Second, the education must be at least undergraduate; Third, applicants should take the initiative to have self-improvement requirements and career planning, and finally have a sense of responsibility. Specialist nurses not only improve their personal ability, but also play a leading role in the team.

However, at present, there are only some simple and wide-ranging regulations on the qualification of specialist nurses, and the final standard is still for each hospital to make its own decisions. In the future, the admission standards and training standards for specialist nurses still need to be unified by the state.

It cannot be ignored that,Behind the industry’s promotion and expectation for specialist nurses is a huge gap in the high-quality nursing market, especially the demand for out-of-hospital nursing market, which is gradually becoming clear under the promotion of measures such as family wards and community nursing..

Huang Wei mentioned that specialist nurses have the right to prescribe, which can not only improve nurses’ enthusiasm and sense of work value, but also greatly facilitate patients, which can be said to be multi-faceted.

For example, in the expanding family bed mode, for patients who suffer from stroke sequelae or stay in bed for a long time, nurses can completely perform some daily operations like changing stomach tubes, etc. After the official promulgation of the regulations, many obstacles will be cleared away for such long-term care scenes outside the hospital, and the huge gap in the rehabilitation industry has already attracted the attention of capital.

Although it is still a minority insurance at present, under the guidance of long-term insurance, commercial institutions have participated extensively, and all kinds of social capital have also accelerated the pace of entering the aged care service market, and on-site medical care services are expected to gradually increase.

According to the data of China Long-term Care Insurance Market Potential Research Report, the whole long-term care insurance market is predicted to grow to 2.7 trillion yuan by 2030. Liu Hongbo, deputy general manager of Taikang Pension Insurance Co., Ltd., has publicly stated that the long-term care insurance payment lever will incite the 800 billion old-age care market scale.

Zhang Yan has more expectations for the practical application scenarios after the release of nurses’ prescription rights.

She has been engaged in rehabilitation nursing for nearly 20 years. When talking about community nursing service, zhangyan said that many nurses are reluctant to go to patients’ homes to provide some continuous nursing services, because the process is cumbersome and there is no legal protection. Zhangyan emphasized that nurses’ prescription rights have not been released, so any behavior of nurses can only be carried out according to the doctor’s advice, and there are many obstacles to be solved in practical work.

She cited an example around her. A patient was still in a coma when he was discharged from the hospital, and he was obese. There were no stairs at home. When he was discharged from the hospital, his family had to invite several big men to carry him to the seventh floor. What is distressing is that the patient has a stomach tube and a urinary tube inserted because his trachea has been cut, so daily care is extremely necessary.

Community nurses are extremely embarrassed about the door-to-door. If nurses operate on their own, it is actually against the rules. However, according to hospital standards, the insertion of gastric tubes needs to be confirmed by filming, and it is extremely inconvenient for patients to move, which undoubtedly puts patients’ families and nurses in a dilemma.

Zhangyan said that the rehabilitation effect of many patients he handled after discharge was far less than that in the hospital, because of the lack of knowledge and skills of rehabilitation nursing. For these patients, there is no need for a doctor’s diagnosis, but a guide of professional rehabilitation knowledge and skills. If the nurse’s prescription right is released, then the nurse can come to the door and do a lot.

Third, can vocational education and medical insurance keep up behind the prescription right?

Since 2017, the exploration of nurses’ prescription rights has a long history.

At present, the specific qualification evaluation, training requirements and medical insurance convergence of nurses’ prescription rights in Shenzhen have not yet been promulgated, and the detailed rules of relevant regulations have not yet been published.

Huang Wei mentioned a very realistic problem in the whole process of liberalizing nurses’ prescription rights, that is, access to medical insurance.

Huang Wei introduced,At present, the medical insurance regulations stipulate that doctors can prescribe medical insurance, and all items that need to be charged in the ward must be issued on the doctor’s advice. Whether the prescriptions prescribed by nurses in the future can also be connected to medical insurance is not stipulated at present..

Prescription not only represents rights, but also represents responsibilities. Wang Li stressed that if there is a medical dispute due to inappropriate dosage or usage on the prescription, the nurse who prescribed the prescription should also bear legal responsibility. There are many kinds of drugs themselves, and the opening and future of prescription rights need the guidance and joint participation of professionals.

Another problem that can’t be ignored is whether the number of specialist nurses can meet the needs of patients in the future with the gradual liberalization of nurses’ prescription rights.

Xu Yucai, former deputy director of the Health Bureau of Shanyang County, Shaanxi Province, told Caijiandao that there are many factors behind the slow progress of nurses’ prescription rights in China. The first is that the foundation of nursing education in China is too low. Many schools have three-year nursing programs, and most of them are directly recruited from junior high school graduates. Undergraduate nursing education started late. This also leads to the weak cultural foundation of nurses in China as a whole, and the problem of traditional understanding of medical services, which leads to the fact that nurses can only undertake auxiliary work in clinical medical treatment.

In the continuing education, there is also the lack of systematization and standardization of nursing education, and the incomplete training system of specialized nurses, which leads to the fact that clinical nurses seem to be mainly giving injections and infusions, without medical dominance and authority.

On the other hand, the admission requirements of specialist nurses in Hong Kong are higher, and they have to go through at least one year’s internship period. The number and items of specialist nurses are not as good as those in the mainland, but before that, the requirements for nursing professional studies and the qualification certificate of nurses in Hong Kong are much higher than those in the mainland. The division is clear, the responsibilities of medical staff are clear, and the authority is relatively more, Liu Hua said.

Xu Yucai said that in addition to continuously strengthening the training and attention of the nursing team, we must also pay close attention to the academic education and re-education of specialist nurses, which still has a long way to go.

When talking about whether specialist nurses can meet the needs of patients in the future, Liu Huaxian, who has been engaged in nursing work for most of his life, is worried.

She said that many nurses in the team don’t talk about basic medical knowledge of physiology and biochemistry, and they can’t even recite the element list. These nursing technical teams dare not let him get started even if they really let go of the prescription right.

The lack of high-level professionals is a common pain point in the industry. At present, public hospitals are required to recruit employees above junior college, but there are not so many qualified talents in the market. What should we do? They are all sent to the hospital in disguise through the way of third-party labor delivery. Isn’t this selling dog meat?

Liu Hua said that to change the current situation of the nursing industry, it is far from enough to rely solely on personal identity with the profession, mainly relying on the improvement of basic terms at the social level. She is looking forward to the subsequent impact of opening up nurses’ prescription rights.

Can the spring of nursing industry be far behind after the nurse’s prescription right is released?

(The author is a medical researcher of Caijing. Some interviewees such as Liu Hua and zhangyan are pseudonyms, and some interviewees are provided by Shenzhen Hezheng Hospital.)

This article comes from WeChat WeChat official account:Caijiandao (id: artofwealthandhealth), Author: Zhang Yuqi, Yan Yang, Editor: Yang Zhongxu

Jing Zheng Fa [2017] No.33

District People’s governments, municipal government commissions, offices and bureaus, and municipal institutions:

　　The "Several Policies and Measures on Further Stimulating the Vitality of Key Groups to Increase the Income of Urban and Rural Residents" are hereby printed and distributed to you, please earnestly organize their implementation.

the people’s government of beijing city

December 7, 2017

Some policies and measures to further stimulate the vitality of key groups and drive urban and rural residents to increase their income

　　In order to implement the "Implementation Opinions of the State Council on Stimulating the Vitality of Key Groups to Drive Urban and Rural Residents to Increase Income" (Guo Fa [2016] No.56), further stimulate the vitality of key groups in this city and drive urban and rural residents to increase income, the following policies and measures are formulated in combination with the actual situation.

　　First, improve the income distribution policy of getting more for more work and getting more for those with high skills, and improve the treatment level and social status of skilled personnel.

　　(A) innovative skills talent salary promotion mechanism. Guide enterprises to reasonably determine the salary level of skilled posts, and the salary growth rate can be faster than other posts. Increase the incentives for skill elements to participate in the distribution, encourage qualified enterprises to adopt agreed salary and share dividends, and try out the annual salary system, equity system and option system to raise the income level of skilled talents. State-owned enterprises engaged in strategic emerging industries, implementing major scientific research and innovation projects, and undertaking the task of inheriting and developing Chinese traditional culture introduce and employ high-skilled talents in key positions or in urgent need, and their total wages are not limited.

　　(2) Innovative incentive mechanism for high-skilled talents. Highly skilled talents who have won national skill awards can enjoy incentive allowances. The leader of the national skill master studio and the municipal chief technician studio can enjoy the work allowance. Winners of the World Skills Competition, the top five players in the national first-class skills competition and the top five players in the city’s first-class skills competition can enjoy the award-winning allowance. High-skilled talents who have made outstanding contributions in this Municipality enjoy the same reward standards as scientific, technical and management talents who have made outstanding contributions in this Municipality, and bonuses that meet the provisions of the tax law are exempt from paying personal income tax.

　　(3) The breakthrough mechanism for the career development of innovative skilled personnel. Overall consideration of skills training, vocational education and higher education, the establishment of professional qualifications and the corresponding professional titles, academic qualifications can be compared with the recognition system. Graduates of senior technical schools and technician colleges in senior classes and technician (preparatory technician) classes enjoy corresponding treatment policies in terms of participating in the recruitment of enterprises and institutions, determining the starting salary standard, job title evaluation and employment, and job promotion, etc. High-skilled talents in key industries and key positions who meet the application conditions can directly participate in the professional and technical titles of the corresponding engineering series. Encourage the city’s universities and technical colleges to hire outstanding high-skilled talents as distinguished professor, and honor the treatment according to the standard of senior professional and technical posts.

　　(4) The transformation and sharing mechanism of innovative skill achievements. Encourage the "double-qualified" backbone teachers in universities and technical colleges in this city to innovate and start businesses, work part-time in scientific research institutions and enterprises, carry out project cooperation or start enterprises, and enjoy the distribution of rights and interests such as the transfer of achievements and development income or part-time remuneration. Support the national skills master studio team to carry out project cooperation with experts selected for major talent projects such as the National "Thousand Talents Program" and Beijing "Haiju Project" and their innovative teams, and give policy support according to the technical level, project scale and performance output of the cooperative projects. Encourage the city’s scientific research and innovation projects to hire high-skilled talents to join the scientific research and technology team, improve the team talent structure, and promote the transformation, popularization and application of scientific and technological achievements and skills achievements.

　　(V) Training mechanism for innovative skilled personnel. Establish and improve the system of full-time job skills training and lifelong training, improve the professional quality and skill level of skilled personnel, and optimize the gradient distribution structure of skilled personnel in this city. Implement the "100 million" golden blue collar boosting plan and increase the training of innovative high-skilled talents. Promote the docking of training and employment, and provide free skills training and entrepreneurship training for the unemployed in cities and towns, rural migrant workers, college graduates and demobilized soldiers registered in accordance with regulations. Give full play to the function of unemployment insurance in promoting employment and preventing unemployment. Employees of enterprises in this city who have participated in unemployment insurance for more than 3 years according to law and obtained vocational qualification certificates or vocational skill level certificates may apply for skills upgrading subsidies within 12 months after obtaining the certificates, and the required funds shall be charged from the unemployment insurance fund according to regulations. Carry out the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Vocational Skills Competition, encourage and guide skilled talents to learn technology, practice skills and innovate, and constantly discover and select skilled craftsmen.

　　Two, increase the cultivation and support, to stimulate new professional farmers to increase new kinetic energy.

　　(six) to improve the income of new professional farmers. Formulate guiding opinions on the cultivation of new professional farmers in this Municipality, and incorporate the cultivation of new professional farmers into the relevant planning of the city’s secondary and higher vocational education and academic education, so as to improve the level of cultivation. We will improve the education and training system for new professional farmers, optimize and adjust all kinds of agricultural and rural education and training resources such as agriculture-related colleges and agricultural technology extension institutions, and encourage farmers to receive vocational education and skills training on the spot by means of "part-farming and part-reading". We will continue to implement projects such as the new professional farmers’ cultivation project and the modern young farmers’ plan, start the rotation training plan for the leaders of new agricultural business entities, and accelerate the cultivation of a number of farmers, large professional households, agricultural professional managers and farmers’ cooperative leaders. Carry out e-commerce ladder training for agricultural products, and improve the informatization professional skills, e-commerce application level and marketing promotion ability of new agricultural business entities and professional farmers.

　　(seven) tap the potential of modern agriculture to increase income. Encourage farmers to adopt cost-saving and efficiency-increasing technologies, select high-quality new agricultural varieties, develop and popularize agricultural high-efficiency and water-saving technologies, and carry out pilot projects such as agricultural waste resource recovery and recycling, so as to reduce agricultural production costs and improve land output rate, resource utilization rate and labor productivity. Further improve the agricultural financing guarantee service system, improve agricultural insurance products and services, and support farmers to develop modern agriculture. Vigorously develop e-commerce of agricultural products, promote the construction of "one village, one product+e-commerce", support the construction of a number of "agricultural postal service stations" in the suburbs, encourage the construction of the Internet of Things in agricultural product production bases, and support the sale of fresh agricultural products through e-commerce. Promote the transformation and upgrading of the whole agricultural industrial chain, encourage farmers to share the value-added benefits of the integration and development of primary, secondary and tertiary industries, and increase operational income.

　　(8) Broaden the channels for increasing the income of new professional farmers. Encourage and guide new professional farmers to establish new agricultural business entities and agricultural socialized service entities such as leading family farms, farmers’ cooperatives, agricultural enterprises, agricultural socialized service organizations and rural tourism service organizations, implement integrated operation of production, processing and marketing, and extend the agricultural industrial chain. New professional farmers who actively start businesses and promote employment can enjoy post subsidies and social insurance subsidies according to regulations. Support migrant workers and college graduates to return to their hometowns to start businesses. Combined with the construction of beautiful countryside, we should improve the separation of ownership, contracting and management rights of rural land, support the establishment of land joint-stock cooperatives, encourage farmers to carry out land joint-stock cooperation, guide the transfer of land management rights to new agricultural management entities, and promote moderate scale operation. We will further promote the pilot project of collective management construction land in towns and villages, increase the efforts to revitalize rural stock construction land, and promote farmers’ income. Accelerate the registration and certification of rural homesteads, encourage diversified subjects to participate in revitalizing rural idle farmhouses and homesteads, develop industries such as healthy old-age care and leisure tourism, and increase farmers’ income.

　　Three, the implementation of the incentive mechanism to increase the value of knowledge, to stimulate the scientific and technological innovation of scientific research personnel.

　　(9) Improve the mechanism for determining the salary level of scientific research personnel. Give universities and scientific research institutions in this city greater control over people and property, so that they can implement flexible performance appraisal and income distribution methods in combination with post characteristics, and ensure the reasonable salary of scientific research personnel. Encourage the city’s scientific research institutions to hire outstanding scientific research personnel to implement the agreed salary, and the total salary of relevant scientific research personnel is not limited. Encourage universities and scientific research institutions in this city to introduce social evaluation mechanism and participate in the performance appraisal of scientific research personnel.

　　(10) Improve the incentive mechanism for scientific researchers. State-owned scientific and technological enterprises can implement measures such as scientific and technological achievements shares, stock options and dividend incentives to enhance incentives for key positions and core backbones. Universities and scientific research institutions in this Municipality can use part of the proceeds from transforming scientific and technological achievements, undertaking competitive financial scientific research projects and providing open sharing services for scientific research facilities and instruments as incentives for scientific researchers, and include them in the total wages of this unit in the current year. We will further implement the intellectual property strategy, establish and improve the system of creation, application, protection and management of intellectual property rights, and increase the protection of intellectual property rights for scientific and technological innovations. Give full play to the effectiveness of the patent grant, and grant the patent applicant the application fee after the patent is authorized.

　　(eleven) to support scientific research personnel to innovate and start businesses. Universities and scientific research institutions in this city can set up scientific and technological achievements transformation posts according to their needs, and employ high-level talents who are in urgent need of innovation and entrepreneurship. Scientific researchers who work in the post of transforming scientific and technological achievements can participate in the evaluation and appointment of senior professional titles of their own units, and do not occupy the positions of senior professional and technical posts of their own units; Those who meet the requirements can participate in the professional and technical qualifications of senior engineers (professors) of Zhongguancun high-end leading talents. Encourage the scientific research personnel of universities and scientific research institutions in this city to work part-time or on-the-job to establish enterprises or carry out project cooperation with enterprises, and obtain corresponding remuneration and income from the transformation of achievements according to regulations. Encourage the scientific research personnel of universities and scientific research institutions in this city to leave their posts and start businesses. During the period of leaving their posts and starting businesses, the unit where they work can retain personnel relations and job ranks, pay basic wages, and pay social insurance, occupational annuities and housing accumulation funds; Scientific researchers who leave their posts to start businesses still enjoy the right to participate in the evaluation and appointment of professional titles, promotion of post grades and assessment and reward.

　　Four, improve the innovation and entrepreneurship policy and service system, guide and support small and micro entrepreneurs to generate income and get rich.

　　(12) Optimize the entrepreneurial access environment. Deepen the reform of the commercial system, relax the restrictions on the registration conditions of the main residences (business premises) in the newly registered market, and promote the registration reform of residences such as "one photo and multiple addresses". Support qualified enterprises to register in science and technology incubation cluster, cultural and creative industry base, creative space, small and medium-sized enterprise entrepreneurship base, college student pioneer park, etc., and enjoy relevant preferential policies and facilitation measures. Science and technology, cultural and creative enterprises registered in Zhongguancun National Independent Innovation Demonstration Zone may no longer apply for branch business licenses if they set up business premises separated from their residences within the administrative area of this Municipality. Optimize the approval process, implement "one form application, one window acceptance, one notification", and implement "multiple certificates in one". We will further promote the whole process of electronic industrial and commercial registration, and gradually implement the system of independent pre-inspection of names in the city.

　　(XIII) Reduce the cost of venture financing. Actively promote the operation of venture capital funds in emerging industries, and guide social capital to support the development of innovative enterprises in incubation period, initial stage and growth period. We will implement the guarantee loan policy for business start-ups, give financial interest subsidies to qualified entrepreneurs, and further simplify the loan process. Establish a linkage mechanism between investment and loan of science and technology enterprises, and encourage financial institutions to provide financing products combining stock, debt and loan. Support small and micro enterprises in intellectual property custody and intellectual property pledge financing.

　　(14) Increase entrepreneurial support. Encourage qualified personnel to find jobs and start businesses in the field of e-commerce, and employees of online merchants registered by industry and commerce can enjoy various employment and entrepreneurship support policies; Those who have not been registered for industry and commerce can be identified as flexible employees and enjoy corresponding support policies. Give full play to the role of small and medium-sized scientific and technological enterprises in promoting special funds and focus on supporting technological innovation projects of small and medium-sized scientific and technological enterprises. Increase tax support, small and low-profit enterprises that meet the requirements can enjoy preferential corporate income tax according to regulations; Small and medium-sized science and technology enterprises can enjoy the deduction policy of R&D expenses according to regulations; Venture capital enterprises can enjoy pre-tax deduction of income tax when investing in seed-stage and start-up technology-based enterprises. Self-founded enterprises (including individual industrial and commercial households) and promote employment of urban and rural people with employment difficulties, registered unemployed people, fresh college graduates, retired soldiers, enterprise workers, etc., can enjoy post subsidies and social insurance subsidies according to regulations.

　　(fifteen) to strengthen the construction of public service system. Give full play to the role of special funds for the development of small and medium-sized enterprises in Beijing, cultivate a number of high-quality public service platforms for small and medium-sized enterprises and innovation and entrepreneurship bases for small and micro enterprises, and provide high-quality services in finance and human resources for small and micro enterprises and innovative entrepreneurs. Strengthen the construction of the launching platform for new technologies and new products. The identified new technologies and new products (services) can be released on the launching platform and enjoy policy support such as government procurement and marketing. Strengthen the teaching management and teaching staff construction of designated institutions for entrepreneurship training, and continuously improve the quality of entrepreneurship training. Select outstanding entrepreneurial projects for entrepreneurs to choose from, and strengthen follow-up services to promote entrepreneurial success. Increase the assistance for intellectual property rights protection of small and micro enterprises.

　　Fifth, innovate the incentive mechanism of fair competition and support the development and income increase of enterprise management personnel.

　　(sixteen) improve the incentive mode of state-owned enterprise management personnel. Establish and improve the incentive and restraint mechanism for the heads of state-owned enterprises, implement a differentiated salary distribution mechanism, and reasonably determine the salary level of the heads of state-owned enterprises appointed by the organization according to factors such as enterprise functional orientation and enterprise efficiency. We will accelerate the reform of the professional manager system in state-owned enterprises, implement a market-based salary distribution mechanism for professional managers who are selected by the market, and explore and improve the medium-and long-term incentive mechanism closely linked to performance appraisal in various ways. Promote state-owned enterprise managers to participate in the pilot project of employee stock ownership in mixed ownership enterprises. Piloting the participation of managers of state-owned scientific and technological enterprises in equity and dividend incentives.

　　(seventeen) to strengthen the entrepreneurial incentives of private entrepreneurs. Eliminate all kinds of hidden barriers, encourage private enterprises to enter more fields according to law, and support private enterprises to participate in the restructuring and joint venture of municipal state-owned enterprises. Explore the establishment of a negative list of regional or industry market access, clarify the prohibited and restricted items, contents and scope, further refine and clarify the boundaries of government responsibilities, and better promote entrepreneurial innovation. Adhere to the equal protection of property rights in accordance with the law, seriously investigate and deal with violations of the legitimate rights and interests, legitimate business operations and legitimate income of non-public enterprises and individuals, and create a fair, just, transparent and stable environment ruled by law. In strict accordance with the relevant provisions of the state and this Municipality, the property involved shall be sealed up, detained, frozen, kept and disposed of according to law, so as to minimize the impact on the normal production and business activities of the non-public enterprises involved.

　　Six, adhere to the combination of employment incentives and guarantee, encourage and guide the difficult groups with the ability to work to get rid of difficulties and increase income.

　　(eighteen) to promote accurate industrial assistance. Increase financial support for agriculture, give full play to the role of special funds for low-income groups, and focus on supporting low-income villages and low-income farmers to develop characteristic industries; Explore the implementation of the asset income assistance system, and continue to promote the income increase of low-income farmers and the development of low-income villages. Increase financial support for agriculture. Enterprises and farmers’ professional cooperatives can purchase agricultural products from low-income villages, and low-income village collective economic organizations or farmers’ professional cooperatives and low-income farmers can enjoy policies such as loan interest discount and guarantee fee subsidy according to regulations. Encourage and support enterprises and farmers’ professional cooperatives to build agricultural production bases and processing projects in low-income villages or their towns and villages.

　　(nineteen) improve the basic living security mechanism. Implement the minimum wage guarantee system and adjust the minimum wage standard in this Municipality in a timely manner. Improve the minimum living security system, optimize the dynamic adjustment mechanism of the minimum living security standard, and ensure the basic life of families. Establish and improve the basic living security mechanism for enterprises to divert employees. In the process of adjustment, transformation, upgrading and relocation, enterprises in this city should pay social insurance premiums for employees who are not on the job and pay living expenses not less than 70% of the minimum wage in this city. Encourage enterprises to stabilize the employment of employees, and give stable post subsidies to qualified enterprises, the amount of which shall not exceed 50% of the total amount of unemployment insurance premiums actually paid by enterprises and their employees in the previous year.

　　(twenty) to stimulate the employment and income of people with difficulties. Carry out job skills training for people with difficulties in working ability to improve their employability. Implement the rural labor transfer employment project, strengthen the docking of post resources and labor resources, and organize targeted and fixed-point recruitment in areas where low-income farmers are concentrated. We will extend the mechanism of placing people with employment difficulties in rural areas, make full use of public welfare posts to place people with employment difficulties in rural areas of this city, and increase farmers’ wage income. The employment incentive policy will be implemented, and the income of low-income applicants and low-income objects who have achieved employment will be reduced according to regulations when the family income is approved. The implementation of the policy of gradual withdrawal of assistance, for the subsistence allowances who have achieved employment and voluntarily declared, if the monthly per capita income of the family is higher than the minimum living standard, they can enjoy the gradual withdrawal of assistance according to regulations.

　　(twenty-one) to establish and improve the service system of precision relief policy. Formulate measures for the implementation of social assistance, improve the assistance system for low-income families, improve the methods for determining the economic situation of social assistance families, and form an accurate and stepped assistance model. Implement the medical assistance project, implement the education aid Plan, improve the housing assistance policy, improve the heating assistance measures, strengthen the temporary assistance function, and ensure that people facing specific difficulties get corresponding assistance. We will fully implement the serious illness insurance system for urban and rural residents, improve the serious illness relief policy for urban workers, and moderately tilt to the needy. Actively develop philanthropy and attract more charitable resources to participate in precision assistance.

　　Seven, improve the incentive mechanism and welfare system, and fully mobilize the enthusiasm of grassroots cadres.

　　(twenty-two) improve the wage distribution policy. In accordance with the overall deployment of the country, combined with the actual situation of this Municipality, we will implement the normal adjustment mechanism of basic wages, improve the subsidy system for township work subsidies, and implement the regional additional subsidy system. Promote the institutionalization of civil servant salary adjustment, and promote the wage income level of civil servants to adapt to the economic and social development and price consumption level of this city.

　　(twenty-three) improve the differentiated incentive mechanism. We will improve the performance appraisal system for civil servants. On the basis of year-end performance appraisal, we will implement the peacetime appraisal system for civil servants, and the assessment results will be linked to wages. Promote the implementation of the parallel system of civil servants’ positions and ranks, and give full play to the incentive effect of ranks on grassroots civil servants. Give moral encouragement and material rewards to the staff who have successfully completed the service guarantee task of major events.

　　(twenty-four) improve the welfare security system. We will promote the monetization reform of civil servants’ job consumption and welfare benefits, standardize reform subsidies and improve housing security and other related benefits in light of the city’s economic and social development level and the actual situation of cadres, and form a welfare system with monetary benefits as the mainstay and physical benefits as the supplement, so as to realize transparent operation and accept social supervision.

　　Eight, strengthen the organization and implementation

　　(25) Improve organizational leadership. The establishment of a joint meeting system for deepening the reform of the income distribution system in Beijing will take stimulating the vitality of key groups to increase the income of urban and rural residents as an important part of the joint meeting, strengthen overall coordination, form a joint policy force, and accelerate the relevant work. All districts and relevant departments should take the implementation of the income distribution policy and increase the income of urban and rural residents as an important task, intensify their work, refine policies and measures, and implement precise incentives for key groups. The joint meeting of deepening the reform of the income distribution system should establish a supervision and assessment mechanism, organize special supervision and comprehensive assessment on a regular basis, and ensure that all policies and measures are implemented.

　　(twenty-six) improve the monitoring and evaluation. Explore the establishment of personal income and property information system, collect relevant information of residents’ income and property through multiple channels and levels under the premise of ensuring information security and standardized utilization, and use technologies such as big data and cloud computing to innovate income monitoring methods and improve the monitoring level of residents’ income information. Establish a comprehensive evaluation mechanism of macro-economy, relevant policies and micro-data, and evaluate the implementation and effect of relevant policies.

　　(twenty-seven) to strengthen the guidance of public opinion. Create a good social environment to encourage income increase and get rich, vigorously carry forward the spirit of hard work and get rich, strengthen the guidance of public opinion in protecting property rights according to law, promoting entrepreneurship and improving people’s livelihood, do a good job in policy interpretation and publicity, and constantly stimulate the enthusiasm, initiative and creativity of all workers.