月度归档： 2025 年 4 月

Suspected of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy？ The eight major tests are coming.

▼ The author of this article ▼

　

　

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a myocardial disease with unknown causes, characterized by asymmetric myocardial hypertrophy, which usually means that the thickness of ventricular septum or left ventricular wall measured by echocardiography is ≥15mm, or the thickness of patients with a clear family history is ≥13mm, the ventricular cavity becomes smaller, the left ventricular blood filling is blocked, and the left ventricular diastolic compliance decreases. It is necessary to exclude the thickening of left ventricular wall caused by increased load such as hypertension, aortic stenosis and congenital aortic subvalvular diaphragm.

　

How to diagnose hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?

　

01exertional dyspnea

　

The most common symptom, about 90% or more will show this symptom.

　

02chest pain

　

Many patients will show fatigue chest pain, or atypical pain may continue to occur at rest or after meals, but coronary angiography is normal.

　

03Syncope or threatened syncope

　

About 15%-25% of patients have had at least one syncope or threatened syncope, which is usually seen during activity.

　

04Other symptoms

　

Dizziness, fatigue, palpitation, etc., some patients are at high risk of sudden death, and some patients have symptoms of heart failure in the late stage.

　

05pathological/bodily sign

　

Patients with no or mild obstruction often have no obvious signs, but patients with left ventricular outflow tract obstruction often have heart murmurs, especially after the first heart sound, which are obviously increasing and decreasing, especially between the apex of the heart and the left edge of the sternum.

　

　

Some tests are needed to assist the diagnosis in clinic.

　

01x-ray examination

　

X-ray examination has no obvious characteristics. The size of the heart may be normal, or the left atrium and left ventricle may be enlarged. The size of the heart is directly proportional to the pressure gradient between the heart and the outflow tract of the left ventricle. The greater the pressure gradient, the larger the heart. Aorta does not widen, pulmonary artery segment does not protrude obviously, pulmonary congestion is mostly light, and right ventricular enlargement may occur in the late stage.

　

02electrocardiogram

　

Because of cardiac ischemia, abnormal myocardial repolarization, left ventricular or biventricular hypertrophy and ST-T changes are common, atrioventricular block and left bundle branch block are also common, and sometimes deep and inverted T wave or abnormal Q wave can be seen, this disease often has various types of arrhythmia.

　

03ultrasonic cardiogram

　

It is of great significance for the diagnosis of HCM. The main performances are:

　

① Abnormal thickening of ventricular septum, and the thickness of ventricular septum at the end of diastole is > 15 mm..

　

② The motion amplitude of interventricular septum decreased obviously, generally ≤ 5 mm..

　

③ The ratio of ventricular septal thickness to left ventricular posterior wall thickness can reach 1.5-2.5:1, and it is generally considered that the ratio > 1.5: 1 has diagnostic significance.

　

④ The left ventricular end systolic diameter is smaller than normal, and the blood flow velocity of left ventricular outflow tract is accelerated.

　

⑤ The distance between the interventricular septum and the anterior leaflet of mitral valve is often significantly reduced at the start of contraction.

　

⑥ The systolic phase of the anterior leaflet of mitral valve moves forward, approaches the interventricular septum, and ends before the second heart sound.

　

⑦ Aorta closed in the middle systole.

　

04dynamic electrocardiogram

　

All patients have perfect 24-hour ECG monitoring, in order to evaluate whether there is ventricular arrhythmia and judge the cause of palpitation or syncope.

　

05Cardiac magnetic resonance

　

High sensitivity, but high cost. Myocardial fibrosis can also be found.

　

06Coronary angiography

　

Coronary angiography should be evaluated if the patient has angina pectoris or persistent ventricular arrhythmia.

　

07Cardiac catheterization

　

Left ventricular outflow tract obstruction is suspected, but the clinical manifestations and imaging examination are different; It needs to be differentiated from constrictive pericarditis; Preoperative evaluation of heart transplant patients.

　

08Gene detection

　

Most patients often have a family history and have genetic mutations.

　

　

Complications of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

　

01arrhythmia

　

Ventricular arrhythmia and atrial fibrillation are common, and in severe cases, there are ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation and cardiac arrest, which can cause sudden cardiac death in severe cases.

　

02arterial embolism

　

The common site is the left atrial appendage, and it can also form thrombus in the left ventricle, which can cause arterial embolism after the thrombus falls off.

　

03cardiac failure

　

Due to myocardial hypertrophy, the compliance of ventricular relaxation is reduced, which can cause left ventricular diastolic dysfunction and increase left ventricular end diastolic pressure and left atrial pressure in the early stage. With the progress of the disease, it may be accompanied by left ventricular dilatation and contraction dysfunction, resulting in severe heart failure symptoms.

　

　

Image source of this article: Photo Network

　

Author’s introduction

　

Xu Hui

　

Xuzhou Central Hospital

　

Attending physician of cardiology department

　

Introduction:Master’s degree, graduated from the Department of Cardiology, Yangzhou University, worked in the 3A hospital for several years, and mastered the diagnosis and treatment of various common diseases in cardiology, such as coronary heart disease, hypertension, arrhythmia, valvular disease, heart failure and other diseases.

　

Stone shed in southern Liaoning： the mysterious remains of prehistoric civilization

　　Tang Jian, doctor of engineering, professor, first-class registered architect. Dean of the School of Architecture and Art of Dalian University of Technology, visiting scholar of the School of Architectural Planning of Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He has been engaged in the cultural research of traditional settlements and heritage buildings in Northeast China for a long time, as well as the research on the protection and renovation of existing buildings. Undertake and participate in five national-level projects such as the research topic of major projects of central universities, the research on architectural heritage and its cultural driving role under the comprehensive revitalization of Northeast China, and one project of Liaoning liberal arts development think tank; He has published five books, such as History and Theory of Architectural Environmental Design.

　　Xiaoguantun shipeng

　　Baidianzi shipeng

　　Shipenggou shipeng

　　Shipengshan shipeng

　　Shimucheng shipeng

　　The pictures in this edition are all information pictures.

　　 　Stone shed is the product of the early megalithic culture in human society. This form of megalithic architecture is widely distributed all over the world, such as Europe, Africa and Asia. Although there are different shapes of stone sheds in different places, the most basic shape is to use multiple stones or slabs as support and build a cover stone at the top. There are different names for the stone shed, which is called Dolmen in English and transliterated as "Dolmen". Some foreign scholars think that the stone shed is similar to the stone-accumulating tomb and the stone-covered tomb and belongs to the category of stone-supporting tomb, so it is called stone-supporting tomb or directly called stone-covered tomb, while in Europe it is often called "stone table" or "stone platform" because of its modeling characteristics. China is usually called a stone shed, but different places have their own names, such as "Gusao Stone" and "Shimiaozi".

　　 　Stone shed buildings in China are mostly distributed in Northeast China and Zhejiang, and there are also a few remains in other areas, such as Shandong, Sichuan, Hunan and other provinces. Stone sheds in Northeast China are mainly concentrated in southern Liaoning, and it is recognized by academic circles that they were built from the late Neolithic period to the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, and belong to the same system as the stone tombs in the Korean Peninsula and Japan. The stone shed in southern Liaoning has a complete preservation system and can be regarded as the representative of stone shed architecture in China.

　　 　Stone shed buildings in southern Liaoning have long been recorded in ancient Chinese literature. The "Guanshi Xiangrui" discovered in Xiangping (now Liaoyang) during the reign of Emperor Xuandi of the Han Dynasty in the Biography of the Three Kingdoms mentioned: "There are three small stones in the Yanli Society in Xiangping, which are long and long. Or "degree": ‘ This Han Xuandi crowned the auspicious stone. ’” From the description, it can be seen that the "crown stone" in this paper is a stone shed, which is supported by three small stones. Later, a more detailed record about the stone shed architecture in southern Liaoning is the Records of the Walking Department of the Yajiang River written by Wang Ji, a scholar of the Jin Dynasty, who toured the Liaodong area: "I have traveled to the stone chamber in the Western Hills, and I have climbed a stone, which can be three feet in vertical and horizontal directions, and it is two feet thick. The end is flat and smooth, and it looks like a chess game. Its lower wall stands three stones, which are as high and wide as it is, and it is as deep as it is, and there is no axe gouging marks. It is impossible to do it without magic and ingenuity. What is described is the stone shed in wafangdian city, Dalian today. It can be seen that the concern and understanding of stone shed architecture in southern Liaoning has existed since ancient times.

　　Stonehenge architecture and stone shed architecture

　　 　Stonehenge architecture is the main expression of ancient human worship of nature, and it is a unique architectural type in primitive times. Stonehenge architecture refers to buildings built with huge stones. The famous stonehenge architecture includes: the Pyramid of Giza, the Sun Gate of Tiavanaco City, the Stonehenge of Jutz Mountain, the Karnak Stonehenge, the stone statue of Easter Island and the stone shed. Nature worship, ancestor and reproductive worship and totem worship widely exist in primitive civilizations all over the world, which constitute the world outlook and outlook on life of primitive natural monotheism. Stone shed architecture mostly appears in mountainous areas, and the materialized form and material support of natural gods produced by huge stones reflect the initial state of natural religion.

　　 　In primitive society, the low level of human production and poor living environment naturally provided the basic support for human survival. Mountains provide all kinds of food, and caves became the earliest residence of the ancients, providing survival support and shelter for primitive humans. Therefore, in the long primitive society, the ancients had motherly dependence and affection for mountains. At the same time, the towering peaks and strange rocks of the mountains inspire awe, and the physical rigidity of the rocks has the eternal attribute of immortality, thus becoming the object of sacrifice and worship of primitive human beings. In the cruel living environment, it gradually gave birth to the worship of natural forces, which became the starting point of power, and gave birth to the stone shed architecture that seems to be impossible to achieve with the ability and technology at that time, showing the powerful emotional appeal of weak life in the worship of God. Sacrifice and pray through the stone shed to pray for the protection of the gods. In this process, primitive human beings also transformed from simple emotions to advanced complex emotions, and constantly achieved the artistic form of stone shed architecture.

　　 　The construction of giant stone buildings such as stone sheds exceeded the limit of human construction ability at that time, which reflected the highest state of primitive human vitality and productivity, and was an abnormal performance of human pursuit of natural forces. The aesthetic experience accompanied by each other is also displayed in the construction of megalithic buildings. The sublime and solemn shock, the divinity connected with heaven and earth, the continuous evolution of construction technology and the gradual formation of architectural modeling all reflect the original concept and technical development trend of early architecture.

　　 　The construction of the stone shed reflects the continuous improvement of the spiritual pursuit of the primitive ancestors and is endowed with rich social connotations. First of all, the construction of the stone shed embodies the social transformation of early human beings, condenses the centripetal force of tribal groups, and helps ancient ancestors to overcome the psychological crisis caused by the contradiction between human spirit and natural existence in the development of early human social civilization, and also resolves the internal contradictions of clans and tribes. Secondly, the formation of ancient ancestors’ simple view of heaven and man. "Harmony between man and nature" is one of the sources of philosophical thoughts in Chinese traditional culture. Stone sheds have the functions of both burial and sacrifice, which can be related to the idea of "harmony between man and nature". For people, stone sheds are tombs for burying ancestors. To God, the stone shed is an altar to worship heaven and earth. There is a tradition of ancestor worship and heaven worship in China culture for a long time. It is considered that ancestors and heaven and earth are equally important, and it is also the mapping of "the unity of heaven and man". This thought puts man and nature at the same level, and integrates the worship of natural forces with the worship of human beings themselves.

　　Geographical and Cultural Situation in Southern Liaoning Province

　　 　Southern Liaoning is located in the southeast of Liaoning Province, south of the connection line between Liaohe Estuary and Yalu Estuary, and extends between the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea. The Qian Shan Mountains run through from northeast to southwest, and within the area of 10 to 20 kilometers near the sea, it is a hilly area with an elevation below 300 meters, with isolated peaks along the coast and narrow plains along the northwest and northeast coasts. Rivers are densely distributed. Important rivers such as Dayang River, Yingna River, Biliu River and Dashahe River are injected into the Yellow Sea, while Daqing River, Xiongyue River and Fuzhou River are injected into the Bohai Sea.

　　 　Southern Liaoning is also a region where Neolithic culture is concentrated in China. About 25 Neolithic cultural sites have been discovered in and around the region, including cultural sequences such as Hongshan Culture, Xiaozhushan culture, Xinglongwa Culture and Xinle culture. The Neolithic cultural sites exclusively belonging to southern Liaoning mainly include Xiaozhushan site, Shangmashi site, Wujiacun site, guo jia cun site, Santangcun site and Dapanjiacun site.

　　 　Through the archaeological study on the stratigraphic relationship and accumulation characteristics of Neolithic culture in southern Liaoning and the horizontal comparison with the surrounding Neolithic culture sequence, we can know that there is an obvious relationship between Neolithic culture in southern Liaoning and the surrounding Neolithic culture, and the Neolithic culture in southern Liaoning was mainly influenced by Xinle lower culture, Houwa lower culture and Machengzi lower culture in the early stage. In the middle period, it exchanged ideas with Zuojiashan upper culture, Houwa upper culture and some local types of Dawenkou culture in Shandong Peninsula. In the later period, it was impacted by Longshan culture. Therefore, the Neolithic culture in southern Liaoning is not as rare as imagined, and there is no cultural system. On the contrary, the Neolithic culture in southern Liaoning has a clear continuity and a long-lasting cultural sequence. Only in this culture can human beings begin to form primitive religions, including boulder worship, and generate social impulses to build boulder buildings, which provides a social foundation for the emergence of boulder buildings such as stone sheds.

　　Construction age of stone shed in southern Liaoning

　　 　Any historical remains will have traces left by its historical dynasty at that time, and archaeologists rely on the judgment of these traces to determine the age and time of cultural relics. In prehistoric times without written records, it is impossible to determine its absolute age, but it is replaced by a relative age. We can speculate by the chronological relationship between the relics and relics of the same period, that is, the chronological age of cultural relics.

　　 　As for the construction time of stone sheds in southern Liaoning, the main point of view now is that the time range is roughly from the late Neolithic Age to the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. However, for the construction time of a specific stone shed, it is impossible to estimate the specific time range of a specific stone shed independently because of the damage of the stone shed and the few unearthed artifacts, and there is no clear written record. At present, the unearthed artifacts related to stone sheds in southern Liaoning mainly include curved broad-leaf sword with big arc blade, straight-mouth cylindrical pot, red pottery pot with sand drum, stone spinning wheel, etc., and curved neck pot unearthed in Tuotou cemetery in Jiacun and Gaishi tomb in Biliuhe River. By sorting the above objects, we can get a complete development order, and finally infer that the approximate time stage of stone shed in southern Liaoning was earlier than 3000 years ago, and it can be determined that other stone buildings in southern Liaoning, such as stone-covered tombs and stone-piled tombs, may appear later than stone sheds. Therefore, stone sheds are considered to be the earliest form of stone buildings in southern Liaoning.

　　Who built the stone shed in southern Liaoning?

　　 　At present, there is no conclusion about the clan to which Shipeng belongs in southern Liaoning, but it is generally believed that it is related to the branch of the ancient Dongyi nationality, Northeast Yi.

　　 　The relatively reasonable explanation for the origin of the Northeast Yi in southern Liaoning is the migration theory, that is, the population of Jiaodong Peninsula and other coastal areas around the Bohai Sea migrated to southern Liaoning and combined with local culture, including the passive migration of events such as ji zi’s eastward crossing. According to the Book of Yizhoushu Wang Huipian, "there are solitary bamboo, Tuhe, Yu people, Qingqiu and Zhoutou in Dongyi" and so on. However, Dr. Kong Chao, a doctor of the Five Classics of Jin Dynasty, thinks that the above-mentioned ministries of Dongyi should be subdivided into Northeast Yi, among which "Qingqiu" is the area east of Bohai Sea as stated in Kong Chao’s annotation "Yi Zhou Shu Wang Hui Pian", and according to the faithful annotation, "Qingqiu country is in Haidong 300 Li", so it can be considered that the distance between Shandong Peninsula and Liaodong Peninsula is exactly "300 Li". With the integration of Lai culture and Qi culture into Chinese culture, some Yi people moved eastward to the Korean Peninsula and other places via Liaodong Peninsula, and the Yi culture also spread to these areas on the Korean Peninsula.

　　 　It is not known which tribes the shiphouses in southern Liaoning belonged to at that time, but the most likely one is the Yi nationality, which was a minority living in northeast China in ancient China and first appeared in the Western Zhou Dynasty. The main production modes of the raccoon people are agriculture and fishing and hunting. The representative artifacts of the Yi nationality are curved-edged bronze dagger and coarse-grained pottery, which are close to the shape of the cultural relics unearthed in the megalithic architectural relics in southern Liaoning. Moreover, the burial system of the Yi people should be based on stone burial utensils and cremation, which coincides with the ablated human bones unearthed in the double-room stone shed group. According to this, the clan of Shipeng in southern Liaoning is most likely built by the Yi nationality of Northeast Yi and its later-formed Yi nationality.

　　The use of stone shed in southern Liaoning

　　 　Archaeological research holds that the stone shed architecture has two functions: burial and sacrifice, and it combines the primitive religious views of nature worship, ancestor worship and totem worship in primitive society. There are three opinions on the use of the stone shed architecture in domestic archaeology: one is the altar with mysterious symbols used by the ancients for religious sacrifice; The second is the public activity place in primitive society; The third is the tomb. In recent years, domestic archaeologists tend to think that stone sheds are "tombs", that is, stone shed tombs.

　　 　Stone shed architecture reflects the prehistoric ancestors’ understanding of themselves and the world, with a very strong expression of ideas, expressing the desire to communicate with the gods of heaven and earth. At that time, with great enthusiasm beyond their own abilities, the ancestors struggled to find suitable stone materials, transported them long distances and carefully planned their construction. Among them, the stone roof of Shipeng Mountain in Gaizhou weighed 60 tons, which fully reflected the transformation of human spiritual strength into great behavioral strength and created a great building that was amazed by later generations. As a result, the stone shed created an early place for human sacrifice, and through the conquest of huge stones, it reflected the dedication and worship to nature, rallied people’s hearts, showed their existence to nature, gained more benefits, and established the special life value and significance of human beings in the wild nature.

　　 　According to research, there are cremation and burial customs in some tribes of the Yi nationality in Northeast China, and important clan and tribal leaders will stay for a period of time and then be cremated, which can last up to half a year. When the remains were cremated, the stone shed had been built, and the cremated remains were moved to the stone shed tomb, mostly in Ming or shallow burial. There are open spaces in front of large stone sheds, which can be used as crematoriums at first, and then as sacrificial places. According to archaeological analysis, the earliest stone sheds were mostly large stone sheds, and then smaller stone sheds appeared; And there will be stone-covered tombs or stone-supported tombs around some big stone sheds, which shows that clan tombs are gradually formed with big stone sheds as the core. Taking Shipenggou Stone Shed Group in Pulandian as an example, according to the archaeological excavation data in 1980s, it can be known that its site is a large stone shed and three small stone sheds, and the four stone sheds are all supported by three-sided wall stones and covered with stones at the top. The big stone shed is north-south, and the other three small stone sheds all face the big stone shed. According to the site conditions, the positions of the three small stone sheds and the big stone sheds are different from the burial methods. Although the principles and methods of this layout are not known yet, the special orientation and position relationship shows the social relationship of the primitive clan and tribe of the stone shed tombs in Shipenggou.

　　 　However, there are no archaeological discoveries of tombs in several large stone sheds in southern Liaoning, and no tombs in general have been found around the stone sheds. Obviously, the function of a single tomb cannot fully explain the purpose of the stone sheds. No matter in China or other countries, because there are no corresponding written records in the Stonehenge cultural sites and the remains are not enough to explain their use, the use of most Stonehenge cultural sites is still inconclusive. Similarly, the exact use of stone shed buildings in southern Liaoning cannot be generalized, and the purpose of building stone shed buildings is still a mystery. However, whether it is used for tombs or sacrifices, the construction of stone sheds is the ideological embodiment of primitive religious worship of ancient ancestors, from which we can feel the simple and traditional view of heaven and man of ancient ancestors.

　　Types of stone sheds in southern Liaoning

　　 　According to the scale, stone shed buildings in southern Liaoning can be divided into three types: large stone shed, medium stone shed and small stone shed. Their respective characteristics are as follows:

　　 　Large stone shed, the height of the stone shed is more than 2 meters, and the length and width of the top stone are more than 4 meters. The stone materials used are all chiseled and finely made. The wall stone of the shed leans inward, and the cover stone extends out of the wall stone to form a larger shed eaves, and the wall and the cover are neatly nested. Large stone sheds often exist alone at the top of hills and terraces. Typical cases are Shi Peng in Shimucheng, Haicheng, Shi Peng Shan, gaizhou city, Tai Zi, wafangdian city, and Shi Peng in Jiantang, Pulandian.

　　 　Medium-sized stone shed, the scale is between large stone shed and small stone shed, the height is about 1.5 meters, and the top stone is about 2-4 meters long and wide. The cover stone of the stone shed extends out of the wall stone, and the stone materials are slightly processed, which is not very regular, and the fitting between the wall stone and the cover stone is not very close. On the whole, the medium-sized stone shed is close to the large stone shed, but it is not as neat and fine as it is. This kind of stone shed is mainly distributed on the lower platform or flat land. Its representatives mainly include Xiaoguantun Stone Shed in Jinzhou District and Shuangta Taizi Stone Shed in Pulandian District.

　　 　Small stone shed, small-scale stone shed, the general height is about 1 meter, and the top stone is about 2 meters long and wide. There are few traces of stone processing, the wall stone is upright, the wall stone and the cover stone are irregularly nested with each other, most of the cover stone does not extend out of the wall stone, and the shed tends to be square. Most of these stone sheds are distributed on low platforms or flat land, mostly flat land, while others are distributed in rows to form stone sheds. Its representatives are shuangfang stone shed in Pulandian District, Xinglong stone shed in Xiuyan County and Lianyunzhai stone shed in gaizhou city.

　　Typical representative of shipeng in southern Liaoning

　　 　1. Shipengshan Shipeng

　　 　The large stone shed, located on the gentle circular platform on the north bank of Nanfu River in Shipeng Village, Ertaizi Farm, gaizhou city, Liaoning Province, is 56 meters above sea level and was once used as a temple. It is made of granite stone, and the inner and outer walls, sides and corners of each slate are processed and polished regularly. The overall direction of the stone shed is 4 degrees east of south. The top stone is about 8.6 meters long from north to south, 5.7 meters wide from east to west, and the thickest can reach 0.55 meters. The east-west wall stone is about 2.4 meters high and 2.3 meters high, and the north wall stone is about 2.8 meters high and 2.3 meters high.

　　 　Shipengshan Shipeng was listed as a provincial cultural relics protection unit in 1993 and became a national cultural relics protection unit in 1996. This stone shed is currently the largest existing stone shed in China.

　　 　2. Stone shed in Shimucheng

　　 　The large-scale stone shed is located on the platform about 50 meters high in Shishan Mountain, the former sister-in-law of Shimu Town, Haicheng City, Liaoning Province, and the Haicheng River is 600 meters west. The original two stone sheds here are commonly known as "Sister-in-law Stone", and the one on the mountain is Sister-in-law Stone under the mountain, and the existing one is Sister-in-law Stone. The whole stone shed faces 36 degrees east of south. The top stone is square, about 6 meters long from north to south, about 5.1 meters wide and 0.5 meters thick, and the overall height is 2.8 meters. The east-west wall stone is about 2.4 meters high and 2.2 meters high, the north wall stone is about 2.7 meters high and 2.2 meters high, and the south wall stone is 1.6 meters long and 1.1 meters wide respectively.

　　 　The stone shed of Shimucheng is made of granite stone, with fine workmanship and accurate nesting. The door stone does not pass through the top, but only plays a role in space limitation. There are a lot of circular marks on the inner side of the west wall stone and the top of the south gate stone. Most documents think that it may be used to record the number of sacrifices or the number of sacrifices. It is also speculated that the early astronomical observation ability may have been available at that time, but it was confirmed by field research that the stone was dripping for many years before mining, which was confirmed by a large number of mountain streams and caves found in the mountains around the stone shed.

　　 　Shimucheng Stone Shed was listed as a provincial cultural relics protection unit in 1963, and became a national key cultural relics protection unit in 2001. The stone shed is the earliest existing above-ground building in China.

　　 　3. Shipenggou Shipeng

　　 　The large-scale stone shed is located at the top platform in the north of Shipengzitun, Jiantang Township, pulandian city, Dalian, about 1.5 kilometers northeast of Biliu River, with an altitude of about 265 meters and a relative height of about 16 meters. The stone shed faces north and south as a whole, and it is a large stone shed supported by three walls. The top stone of the shed is about 6 meters long, 4 meters wide and 0.6 meters thick. The east and west wall stones are about 2.2 meters long and 1.2 meters high, and the north wall stones are about 2.6 meters long and 1.2 meters high.

　　 　The stone shed is made of granite, and the processing accuracy of stone is lower than that of the stone shed in Shipengshan and Shimucheng. There is a stone structure 80 cm away from the southern end of the western wall stone, which is suspected to be a "stepped stone". In order to protect the overall structure of the stone shed, reinforcement measures were taken at the southwest corner of the top stone. Shipenggou stone shed is a stone shed community, with 1 big shed and 3 small sheds, all of which are not completely preserved, and their structures are obviously different from those of the big shed. There is an obvious relationship between the three small stone sheds and the big stone shed, which is likely to be a high-standard stone shed group established by a large clan tribe.

　　 　Shipenggou Shipeng was listed as a provincial cultural relics protection unit in 2003 and became a national key cultural relics protection unit in 2013.

　　 　4. Xiaoguantun Stone Shed

　　 　The medium-sized stone shed is located about 1km east of Xiangying Street, Xiangying Town, Jinzhou District, Dalian, with an altitude of 60m and a distance of 1.3km east from the river. The whole stone shed is in the east-west direction, which is the southernmost stone shed among the existing stone sheds in southern Liaoning. There were two stone sheds, namely "big stone shed" and "small stone shed", and the existing one is "small stone shed". The top stone of Xiaoshipong is about 4 meters long and 2.5 meters wide, and the thickness is about 0.4 meters. The east wall stone is about 2 meters wide, but the east wall stone is about 1.3 meters high, the west wall stone is only 0.2 meters long, and the north wall stone is about 1.1 meters high and 2.7 meters long.

　　 　The site of Xiaoguantun shed is relatively flat and surrounded by mountains. The stone shed is polished with granite as a whole, but the overall machining accuracy and grinding fineness are much lower than those of the first three large stone sheds, and the stone texture is poor. Its top stone is arranged in an approximate rectangle in the east-west direction. Among the four wall stones, only the east wall stone is well preserved, and the north and west wall stones are greatly damaged, and the south wall stone is no longer available. Because the existing height of the western wall stone is lower than that of the eastern wall stone, the overall top stone is higher in the east and lower in the west. The overall preservation of Xiaoguantun stone shed is not ideal, and the damage is serious.

　　 　Xiaoguantun Stone Shed was listed as a municipal cultural relic protection unit in 2008, and now a theme cultural park with it as the core has been built to protect and publicize it.

　　 　5. Baidianzi Shipeng

　　 　Medium-sized stone shed, located on the hillside about 1 km north of Baijiadian Village, Wulu Town, Dalian, where rivers pass on both sides. Baidianzi Stone Shed originally had two stone sheds, one large and one small, so it was also called Gusaoshi in the local area. The larger Sisaoshi was destroyed, and the existing stone shed was smaller as Gushi, which is still the configuration of double stone sheds.

　　 　Baidianzi stone shed is made of granite, with four walls, paving stones and roof stones. The top stone is nearly square with a length of about 4.5 meters and an average thickness of about 0.5 meters. The east-west wall stone is about 2.5 meters long, and the north-south wall stone is about 2 meters long. The roof stone of the shed is inclined to be low in the southeast and high in the northwest. The stone shed is well preserved except for the gap in the east wall stone. The overall polishing and splicing fineness of stone sheds is still lower than that of the three stone sheds mentioned above.

　　 　Baidianzi Stone Shed was listed as a provincial cultural relic protection unit in 2007.

　　tag

　　 　The area with Liaohe River Basin as the core in Northeast China has always been regarded as one of the areas with highly developed primitive culture. After long-term archaeological excavation, it is found that the evolution and development of primitive culture in Northeast China are gradually clear, and an important link in the study of primitive culture in Liaodong Peninsula is the archaeological study of stone shed buildings.

　　 　Southern Liaoning has the most complete, largest and best-preserved stone shed architecture in the world, which contains rich spiritual connotation and far-reaching architectural value. The study of stone shed architecture plays a positive role in deeply understanding the formation of culture in Northeast China, exploring the original significance of architecture and enriching the historical and cultural connotation of the Chinese nation.

Regulations of Guangzhou Municipality on the Administration of Social Emergency Medical Care

The 21st meeting of the Standing Committee of the Tenth People’s Congress of Guangzhou on November 29th, 1995 was approved by the 22nd meeting of the Standing Committee of the Eighth People’s Congress of Guangdong Province on June 1st, 1996, and the 30th meeting of the Standing Committee of the 13th People’s Congress of Guangzhou on October 29th, 2010 was revised for the first time on January 17th, 2011. The fourth meeting approved the amendment to the Standing Committee of the 16th Guangzhou Municipal People’s Congress on August 19th, 2022 in accordance with the Decision on Amending Sixty-six Local Regulations such as Guangzhou Building Regulations due to Administrative Division Adjustment adopted at the 39th meeting of the Standing Committee of the 14th Guangzhou Municipal People’s Congress on May 20th, 2015 and approved at the 21st meeting of the Standing Committee of the 12th Guangdong Provincial People’s Congress on December 3rd, 2015. The fifth meeting of the Committee was revised for the second time (approved at the 47th meeting of the Standing Committee of the 13th Guangdong Provincial People’s Congress on November 30, 2022)

　　

Catalogue

　　Chapter I General Principles

　　Chapter II Pre-hospital Medical Emergency Network

　　Chapter III Pre-hospital Medical Emergency Treatment

　　Chapter IV Public First Aid

　　Chapter V Social Emergency Medical Security

　　Chapter VI Legal Liability

　　Chapter VII Supplementary Provisions

　　

Chapter I General Principles

　　Article 1 In order to standardize the social emergency medical treatment, improve the social emergency medical service level, timely and effectively rescue critically ill patients, and ensure the health and life safety of citizens, these Regulations are formulated in accordance with the Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) on Basic Medical Care and Health Promotion and other relevant laws and regulations, combined with the actual situation of this Municipality.

　　Article 2 These Regulations shall apply to social emergency medical activities and their supervision and management within the administrative area of this Municipality, including pre-hospital medical emergency and public emergency.

　　The term "pre-hospital medical first aid" as mentioned in these Regulations refers to the medical activities that are carried out by medical institutions undertaking pre-hospital medical first aid tasks in accordance with the command and dispatch of emergency medical command institutions, and are mainly based on on on-site rescue, emergency treatment in transit and monitoring before patients are delivered to medical institutions for treatment.

　　The term "public first aid" as mentioned in these Regulations refers to the timely rescue of patients by social organizations and individuals at the scene of emergencies or accidental injuries.

　　Article 3 Social emergency medical care is a public welfare undertaking led by the government and an important part of social public safety and public health system.

　　The municipal and district people’s governments shall, according to the needs of national economic and social development, incorporate social emergency medical care into the development plan of health care, establish a stable funding and personnel security mechanism, and ensure the synchronous and coordinated development of social emergency medical care and social economy.

　　The Municipal People’s Government shall formulate the development plan of social emergency medical care in this Municipality and make it public.

　　Article 4 The municipal health administrative department shall be responsible for the supervision and management of social emergency medical treatment within the administrative area of this Municipality, organize the implementation of these Regulations, and perform the following duties:

　　(a) to formulate and implement the development plan of social emergency medical care in this Municipality;

　　(two) the preparation and implementation of the city’s pre-hospital medical emergency network planning and automated external defibrillator configuration planning;

　　(three) to formulate policies and standards related to social emergency medical care in this Municipality;

　　(four) to supervise, manage, evaluate and assess the social emergency medical work in this Municipality;

　　(five) to organize and carry out emergency medical security for major social activities and emergency medical rescue for emergencies;

　　(six) to formulate and organize the implementation of the annual plan for the popularization and training of social emergency medical knowledge and skills in this Municipality;

　　(seven) other duties as prescribed by laws and regulations.

　　The district health administrative department is responsible for the supervision and management of social emergency medical work within its administrative area.

　　Development and reform, finance, civil affairs, public security, emergency management, planning and natural resources, transportation, education, market supervision and management, culture, radio and television tourism, human resources and social security, port, medical security, industry and information technology, communication management, government service data management, fire rescue, sports and other relevant administrative departments and units shall be responsible for social emergency medical related work within their respective functions and duties.

　　Article 5 The health administrative department shall regularly organize publicity, education and training on first aid knowledge and skills for communities, rural areas, organs, enterprises and institutions, so as to enhance the public’s awareness of first aid and their ability of self-help and mutual rescue.

　　Newspapers, television, radio, internet and other media should publish and broadcast public service advertisements for social emergency medical care, publicize the spirit of saving lives to the public, and popularize the knowledge and skills of emergency medical care.

　　Schools should take various forms to publicize, educate and train teaching staff and students in first aid knowledge and skills.

　　Residents’ committees, villagers’ committees and property service enterprises shall assist in the publicity, education and training of first aid knowledge, and raise residents’ awareness of first aid.

　　Article 6 This Municipality shall strengthen exchanges and cooperation with Hongkong, Macao and surrounding cities in social emergency medical treatment, explore the establishment of cross-regional social emergency medical treatment cooperation mechanism, and promote the coordinated development of health and health undertakings in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area.

　　

Chapter II Pre-hospital Medical Emergency Network

　　Article 7 The pre-hospital medical emergency network of this Municipality is composed of emergency medical command institutions and "120" emergency network hospitals, as well as regional emergency medical centers established according to actual needs and emergency stations directly under the emergency medical command institutions.

　　The municipal health administrative department shall comprehensively consider the urban and rural layout, regional population, service radius, traffic conditions, distribution of medical institutions, reception capacity and other factors, prepare the pre-hospital medical emergency network planning of this Municipality, and report it to the Municipal People’s Government for approval before promulgation and implementation. The pre-hospital medical emergency network planning in this city is an important part of the special planning for the layout of medical facilities in this city, and it should follow the overall planning of land space, and the main contents involved in the spatial layout should be included in the detailed planning of land space.

　　Eighth emergency medical command institutions in this Municipality include the municipal emergency medical command center and the emergency medical command sub-centers established according to actual needs.

　　City Emergency Medical Command Center is responsible for the unified organization, command and dispatch of pre-hospital medical emergency within the administrative area of this Municipality. The emergency medical command sub-center is responsible for the organization, command and dispatch of pre-hospital medical emergency within its jurisdiction, and accepts the unified command and dispatch and business guidance of the municipal emergency medical command center.

　　Ninth emergency medical command institutions shall perform the following duties:

　　(a) set up a "120" call-for-help hotline, equipped with different levels of command and dispatch personnel such as call-for-help acceptance, dispatch and disposal, organization and command;

　　(two) the implementation of a 24-hour duty system, at any time to accept the call for help;

　　(three) timely dispatch instructions, and coordinate the problems encountered in pre-hospital medical emergency tasks;

　　(four) to be responsible for the registration, summary, statistics, preservation and reporting of the information received for emergency call for help, and to accept the application for inquiry;

　　(five) to organize training and assessment of command and dispatch personnel and emergency personnel, and to carry out pre-hospital medical emergency research and publicity and education;

　　(six) to manage the pre-hospital medical emergency network and ensure the normal operation of the command and dispatch communication system and the pre-hospital medical emergency network;

　　(seven) responsible for the supervision and deployment of "120" emergency vehicles;

　　(eight) to assist the relevant government departments to carry out emergency medical security for major social activities and emergency medical rescue work for emergencies;

　　(nine) other duties as prescribed by laws and regulations.

　　Article 10 Emergency medical command institutions shall comprehensively consider the population size, daily business volume of calling for help, the requirement of answering the national "120" call for help within 10 seconds and the actual needs of this Municipality, reasonably set up a corresponding number of "120" call for help lines, scientifically equip command and dispatch personnel, and ensure timely answering and handling of public call for help.

　　Command and dispatch personnel should be familiar with the basic situation of emergency medical knowledge and social emergency medical network, and have professional command and dispatch ability and level.

　　Eleventh municipal health administrative departments shall, jointly with the relevant departments, establish the "120" command platform in Guangzhou, and implement the dynamic information management of the pre-hospital medical emergency network.

　　The "120" command platform should have the functions of "120" emergency vehicle positioning, emergency number auxiliary positioning, computer-aided dispatching, remote data transmission, etc., and be connected with hospital information systems and emergency systems such as "110", "119" and "122" to realize information sharing and linkage.

　　Twelfth "120" emergency network hospital by the health administrative department in accordance with the city’s pre-hospital medical emergency network planning and the following requirements, organize experts to review and determine, and announced to the public:

　　(a) to meet the standards of general hospitals above grade two;

　　(two) an emergency department, and in accordance with the provisions with professional knowledge and skills of emergency medical practitioners, practical nurse;

　　(three) equipped with rescue ambulance, the car equipment and first-aid drugs, equipment in line with the configuration standards, and equipped with a stretcher;

　　(4) Having a sound emergency medical management system;

　　(5) Other requirements for undertaking pre-hospital medical emergency tasks.

　　The municipal health administrative department shall establish the exit mechanism of pre-hospital medical emergency network, and the specific rules shall be formulated by the municipal health administrative department.　　

　　Article 13 The "120" emergency network hospital shall set up a pre-hospital emergency group under the emergency department, set up a full-time pre-hospital medical emergency team, and be equipped with emergency personnel consisting of qualified medical practitioners, practical nurse, stretcher bearers and drivers trained and assessed by emergency medical command institutions, and take measures to encourage health technicians to engage in pre-hospital medical emergency work.

　　The municipal health administrative department shall, on the basis of the existing pre-hospital medical emergency network, set up a regional emergency medical center and a first-aid station directly under the emergency medical command institution according to the actual situation of this Municipality. The first-aid stations directly under the regional emergency medical centers and emergency medical command institutions shall conform to the standards of the first-aid centers and first-aid stations in the Regulations on the Administration of Medical Institutions and the Basic Standards for the Establishment of Medical Institutions. The specific measures shall be formulated by the municipal health administrative department.

　　Fourteenth "120" emergency network hospitals, regional emergency medical centers and emergency stations directly under the emergency medical command institutions shall perform the following duties:

　　(a) the implementation of the 24-hour consultation system;

　　(two) obey the command and dispatch of emergency medical command institutions, complete the pre-hospital medical emergency tasks, and do a good job in the registration, summary, statistics, preservation and reporting of pre-hospital medical emergency information;

　　(three) the implementation of emergency medical operation norms;

　　(four) in accordance with the relevant provisions of the state, province and city, the daily management of "120" emergency vehicles and their emergency medical drugs, instruments, emergency equipment and medical personnel;

　　(five) strictly implement the emergency medical service price stipulated by the administrative department of medical security, and publicize the charging items and standards;

　　(six) the establishment and implementation of emergency doctors, nurses, stretchers, drivers pre-service and post training and education system, regularly carry out first aid training and drills;

　　(seven) other duties as prescribed by laws and regulations.

　　Fifteenth regional emergency medical center, emergency medical command institutions directly under the first aid station in addition to performing the duties stipulated in Article 14 of these regulations, should also perform special medical security, emergency medical rescue support and other duties.

　　The regional emergency medical center is responsible for the pre-hospital emergency training and quality management of the "120" emergency network hospital and the emergency station directly under the emergency medical command organization in the service area.

　　Article 16 In areas where medical resources are in short supply, the health administrative department may, according to the actual needs, determine that the local medical institutions meeting the requirements of Item 2, Item 3 and Item 4 of Paragraph 1 of Article 12 of these Regulations shall temporarily undertake the pre-hospital medical emergency tasks.

　　In rural areas where medical resources are in short supply, licensed assistant doctors who have passed the training and examination of emergency medical command institutions can participate in the implementation of pre-hospital medical emergency work.

　　Areas with shortage of medical resources shall be determined and adjusted by the municipal health administrative department in accordance with the relevant provisions of the state and province.

　　Seventeenth medical and health institutions should organize their own medical staff to receive first aid training and assessment.

　　

Chapter III Pre-hospital Medical Emergency Treatment

　　Eighteenth pre-hospital medical emergency follow the principle of unified command and dispatch, rapid treatment.

　　Nineteenth emergency medical command institutions, "120" emergency network hospitals, regional emergency medical centers, and emergency stations directly under emergency medical command institutions shall use unified pre-hospital medical emergency signs. Command and dispatch personnel, emergency personnel shall be in accordance with the provisions of dressing the.

　　The "120" emergency vehicle shall be painted with a unified first-aid logo in accordance with the regulations, and a unified alarm device shall be installed and used. "120" emergency network hospitals, regional emergency medical centers and emergency stations directly under emergency medical command institutions shall regularly inspect, inspect, maintain, update, clean and disinfect "120" emergency vehicles and their emergency medical instruments and equipment to ensure their good conditions.

　　Emergency medical command institutions shall be equipped with vehicles for emergency command, communication, material support and other purposes, and shall not be used for other purposes.

　　Twentieth "110", "119" and "122" and other emergency systems shall notify the emergency medical command organization within one minute after receiving the call for help.

　　Twenty-first emergency medical command institutions shall, in accordance with the principle of urgency and proximity, send dispatch instructions to the "120" emergency network hospital, regional emergency medical center or the first-aid station directly under the emergency medical command institutions within one minute after the emergency information is answered; Command and dispatch personnel can give necessary first-aid guidance to those who call for help.

　　Twenty-second "120" emergency network hospitals, regional emergency medical centers or emergency stations directly under the emergency medical command institutions shall dispatch "120" emergency vehicles and emergency personnel within three minutes after receiving the dispatching instructions from the emergency medical command institutions.

　　On the premise of ensuring traffic safety, emergency personnel should arrive at the emergency scene as soon as possible; Get in touch with the rescuers in time before arriving at the scene and give necessary first aid guidance.

　　First-aid personnel who encounter vehicle failure, traffic congestion, etc. on the way and are not expected to arrive at the first-aid scene within fifteen minutes after receiving the dispatching instruction shall immediately report to the emergency medical command organization and explain the situation to the emergency personnel. Emergency medical command institutions shall, according to the actual situation, assist emergency personnel to take measures such as asking the traffic management department of the public security organ for help, or dispatching other emergency vehicles to the emergency scene.

　　Twenty-third emergency personnel arrived at the scene, should ensure the safety of the rescue environment, in accordance with the norms of emergency medical operation immediately to treat patients.

　　On-site staff shall, within the scope of their duties, take measures to ensure the safety of the rescue environment and provide assistance and convenience for on-site first aid activities. On-site patients or their guardians or close relatives shall assist emergency personnel in relevant work.

　　If the emergency medical command organization cannot confirm the patient’s address or the emergency personnel cannot enter the scene to carry out first aid, it shall request the assistance of the public security organ or the fire rescue department; Public security organs, fire rescue and other departments shall provide timely assistance.

　　Article 24 If a patient needs to be sent to a medical institution for treatment after on-site disposal by emergency personnel, the emergency personnel shall follow the principle of being near, being urgent and meeting professional needs, and transfer the patient to a medical institution for timely treatment in combination with the wishes of the patient or his guardian or close relatives.

　　If the patient or his guardian or close relative requests to be sent to the designated medical institution, the emergency personnel shall inform him of the possible risks, and send the patient to the designated medical institution after the patient or his guardian or close relative signs to confirm that he will bear the risks himself.

　　Under any of the following circumstances, the emergency personnel have the right to decide to send the patient to the corresponding medical institution according to the principle of being near, urgent and meeting professional needs, and inform the reasons and truthfully record, and the patient or his guardian or close relatives shall cooperate:

　　(1) The patient is in critical condition or life-threatening;

　　(2) The distance between the medical institution required to be sent and the emergency scene is more than ten kilometers;

　　(three) the medical institution that is required to be sent does not have the corresponding treatment conditions;

　　(4) The patient or his guardian or near relative requests to be sent to the medical institution designated by him, but refuses to sign to confirm that he bears the risk himself;

　　(5) It is necessary to treat patients in isolation according to law;

　　(six) medical institutions designated by the government in response to emergencies;

　　(seven) there are special provisions in laws and regulations.

　　Twenty-fifth patients need to be transported to medical institutions for treatment after on-site disposal, and emergency personnel shall immediately notify the medical institutions to make preparations for treatment. Medical institutions do not have the corresponding treatment conditions, or patients and their guardians and close relatives choose to be sent to other medical institutions, emergency personnel shall immediately report to the emergency medical command organization. After receiving the report, the emergency medical command institution shall contact the medical institution in time to prepare for the treatment.

　　After the patient is sent to a medical institution, the emergency personnel shall handle the handover formalities with the medical institution in time, and the medical institution shall immediately treat the patient.

　　Twenty-sixth emergency medical command institutions in the distress information found that patients suspected of infectious diseases need special protection, it should guide patients to do a good job of protection, and immediately issued a dispatch instruction. The "120" emergency network hospital, the regional emergency medical center or the first-aid station directly under the emergency medical command institution that receives the dispatching instruction shall promptly dispatch "120" emergency vehicles and emergency personnel that meet the protection requirements. First-aid personnel who find patients suspected of infectious diseases need special protection during on-site treatment shall immediately report to the emergency command organization and send the patients to the designated hospital. Where there are other provisions in laws and regulations, such provisions shall prevail.

　　Medical institutions shall not refuse to accept or delay the treatment of patients on the grounds of epidemic prevention and control. In case of refusing to receive or delaying the treatment of patients, emergency personnel shall immediately report the situation to the emergency medical command organization, which shall coordinate and deal with it in time; Patients or their guardians or close relatives can also call the "120" emergency number to reflect the situation. When necessary, the emergency medical command organization shall report the situation to the health administrative department in time, and the health administrative department shall deal with it in time.

　　The municipal health administrative department shall formulate the medical emergency plan for emergencies within its administrative area. In the event of an emergency, the health administrative department shall set up a special emergency transport team according to the classification of the emergency medical emergency plan, and guide and standardize the social emergency medical treatment to ensure the smooth rescue channels. All kinds of medical institutions at all levels in the city shall, in accordance with the emergency response level, open a green channel for the treatment of critically ill patients, and accept the unified command and dispatch of emergency medical command institutions to conduct on-site treatment and transshipment of patients.

　　Twenty-seventh emergency medical command institutions shall properly keep the "120" emergency hotline telephone recording, emergency call for help acceptance information and other information, and keep it for not less than three years. "120" emergency network hospitals, regional emergency medical centers, and first-aid stations directly under emergency medical command institutions shall, in accordance with the relevant provisions on medical records management of medical institutions, do a good job in information recording and data storage in the process of on-site rescue, treatment during transit, and monitoring.

　　If the relevant units or individuals apply for inquiry and retrieval of the above information within the preservation period, the emergency medical command organization, the "120" emergency network hospital, the regional emergency medical center or the first-aid station directly under the emergency medical command organization shall provide it with reference to the relevant provisions on medical record management of medical institutions.

　　Twenty-eighth prohibit the following acts of disrupting the order of pre-hospital medical emergency:

　　(a) fraudulent use of emergency medical command institutions, "120" emergency network hospitals, regional emergency medical centers, emergency stations directly under emergency medical command institutions, and the name and first aid logo of "120";

　　(two) engaged in pre-hospital medical emergency activities in the name of counterfeit "120" emergency vehicles;

　　(three) unauthorized use of "120" emergency vehicles to perform non-pre-hospital medical emergency tasks, or unauthorized use of "120" emergency vehicles to transfer non-emergency patients;

　　(four) the use of "120" alarm and sign lamps when not performing emergency tasks;

　　(five) false distress information, malicious distress and other interference to the "120" emergency hotline;

　　(6) refusing to avoid or obstruct the passage of ambulances performing medical emergency tasks;

　　(seven) insult, threat, intimidation, abuse, injury, obstruction of emergency personnel, hinder the normal development of pre-hospital medical emergency work;

　　(eight) other acts that disrupt the pre-hospital medical emergency order and violate the provisions on public security management.

　　Article 29 The health administrative department shall supervise and inspect the emergency medical command institutions, regularly organize annual assessment of the "120" emergency network hospitals, regional emergency medical centers and first-aid stations directly under the emergency medical command institutions, and announce the assessment results to the public; Those who fail the examination shall be ordered to make rectification within a time limit.

　　Thirtieth health administrative departments shall announce the emergency medical supervision telephone number to the public, accept reports and complaints, and deal with the reported and complained acts according to law. If it is a real name report or complaint, the health administrative department shall give a written reply to the informant or complainant in accordance with the regulations.

　　

Chapter IV Public First Aid

　　Thirty-first encourage people who need medical emergency to call the "120" emergency hotline and provide necessary help.

　　Encourage individuals who have the ability of first aid to carry out emergency on-site rescue for patients before the arrival of medical emergency personnel, and their emergency on-site rescue behavior is protected by law. The city explores the establishment of a mechanism for volunteers to participate in public first aid. The municipal health administrative department explores the establishment of a call platform for medical emergency volunteers, calling qualified medical emergency volunteers around the patient site to voluntarily participate in on-site rescue before the emergency personnel arrive.

　　Article 32 This Municipality shall establish a public first aid training system. The municipal health administrative department shall formulate a training plan and unify the training contents and assessment standards. Units and individuals to carry out social emergency medical training activities, should implement a unified training content and assessment standards.

　　The health administrative department, the emergency medical command organization and the Red Cross Society shall, in accordance with the annual plan of the city’s social emergency medical knowledge and skills popularization training, carry out first-aid skills training on cardiopulmonary resuscitation, the use of automated external defibrillator, and the methods of relieving airway foreign body obstruction.

　　Encourage medical institutions, medical industry associations, medical research institutions and other organizations with training capabilities to provide first aid training services, and establish training ledgers to truthfully record information such as training teachers, objects and contents.

　　The units where the people’s police, fire rescue personnel, government service personnel, school staff, security personnel, tourism and public transport employees work shall organize the above-mentioned personnel to participate in first aid training.

　　Article 33 The management units of railway stations, long-distance bus stations, passenger terminals, urban rail transit stations, airports, expressway service areas, stadiums, scenic tourist areas and other places, enterprises engaged in high-risk sports, construction units and large industrial enterprises shall be equipped with necessary first-aid instruments and medicines, arrange staff or volunteers who have received first-aid training to be on duty during production and operation hours, and assist in emergency on-site rescue in pre-hospital medical first aid and emergencies.

　　The municipal administrative department of public health shall formulate the guiding catalogue for the allocation of first-aid equipment and drugs in public places, and make it public.　

　　Article 34 Public places and units such as government service halls, airports, railway stations, passenger terminals, urban rail transit stations, expressway service areas, scenic tourist areas, schools, gymnasiums, old-age care institutions, shopping malls, etc. shall be equipped with automated external defibrillator, which shall be regularly inspected, maintained and recorded.

　　Encourage other public places and public security police stations, fire rescue stations and other units to configure automated external defibrillator, and encourage social forces to donate automated external defibrillator.

　　The municipal health administrative department shall formulate and promulgate the configuration planning and specifications of automated external defibrillator, and establish the electronic map, navigation and remote management system of automated external defibrillator to facilitate public inquiry and use.

　　Thirty-fifth support and encourage social forces such as emergency medical volunteer service organizations and emergency medical volunteers to participate in public emergency activities.

　　Encourage units and individuals to make donations and donations to social emergency medical services. The name of the donor can be marked on the donated materials according to law.

　　Encourage individuals to learn medical first aid knowledge and skills, and improve their ability of self-help and mutual rescue.

　　

Chapter V Social Emergency Medical Security

　　Thirty-sixth municipal and District People’s governments shall set up special funds for pre-hospital medical first aid and incorporate them into the fiscal budget at the corresponding level.

　　Pre-hospital medical emergency special funds should be earmarked for the following aspects:

　　(a) purchase, update and maintain the "120" emergency vehicles, emergency medical equipment and instruments, communication equipment, etc.;

　　(II) Subsidize the expenses of pre-hospital emergency group of "120" emergency network hospital, regional emergency medical center, first-aid station directly under emergency medical command organization and medical institutions that temporarily undertake pre-hospital medical emergency tasks in accordance with the provisions of the first paragraph of Article 16 of these regulations to engage in "120" emergency medical treatment;

　　(three) publicity of first aid knowledge and first aid medical training and drills.

　　The municipal health administrative department shall formulate the "120" emergency medical subsidy standard of this Municipality. The health administrative department shall, in accordance with the standards, pay the "120" emergency medical subsidy to the "120" emergency network hospital, the regional emergency medical center, the first-aid station directly under the emergency medical command organization and the medical institutions that temporarily undertake the pre-hospital medical emergency tasks in accordance with the provisions of the first paragraph of Article 16 of this Ordinance.

　　Article 37 The municipal and district people’s governments shall increase financial investment in emergency medical treatment within their respective jurisdictions, improve the distribution of emergency stations directly under the "120" emergency network hospitals, regional emergency medical centers and emergency medical command institutions, equip "120" emergency vehicles in accordance with the relevant provisions of the state and the actual needs of this Municipality, and establish a cleaning and disinfection place for "120" emergency vehicles to meet the needs of pre-hospital medical emergency in this Municipality.

　　The administrative department of health in areas with shortage of medical resources shall, according to the pre-hospital medical emergency network planning, gradually improve the emergency medical conditions of primary medical and health institutions, and incorporate medical institutions that meet the conditions stipulated in the first paragraph of Article 12 of these regulations into the pre-hospital medical emergency network.

　　On the basis of the existing social emergency medical network, this city explores the construction mode of pre-hospital medical emergency and fire rescue as a whole, and establishes and improves the joint rescue mechanism to improve the efficiency of pre-hospital medical emergency.

　　Article 38 The municipal and district people’s governments shall strengthen the construction of emergency medical teams.

　　The competent administrative department of health shall, jointly with the administrative departments of human resources and social security, formulate an annual plan for the introduction, training and career development of command and dispatch personnel and emergency personnel according to the development plan of social emergency medical care in this Municipality.

　　Encourage medical colleges and universities in this administrative area to offer emergency courses and strengthen the discipline construction of emergency medicine.

　　Article 39 This Municipality shall establish and improve the linkage mechanism of land, air and water emergency medical services, and develop a diversified emergency medical service system.

　　The city will build a first-aid and disaster medical skill training base, a medical security and emergency material reserve.

　　The health administrative department shall establish an emergency medical rescue expert database.

　　General hospitals at or above the second level shall establish emergency medical rescue teams to participate in emergency medical work in major or especially major emergencies under the unified command and dispatch of the municipal emergency medical command center.

　　Fortieth health administrative departments and emergency medical command institutions shall regularly organize pre-hospital medical emergency and emergency medical rescue drills every year, timely evaluate the effect of the drills, and improve the ability and level of emergency rescue in this Municipality.

　　Article 41 This Municipality will include the medical expenses generated by pre-hospital medical emergency services in the reimbursement scope of medical insurance for urban workers and medical insurance for urban and rural residents. The specific measures shall be formulated by the municipal medical security administrative department in conjunction with the municipal health administrative department.

　　Forty-second relevant units shall provide the following guarantees for pre-hospital medical emergency work:

　　(a) the traffic administrative department of the public security organ shall ensure that the "120" emergency vehicles carrying out emergency tasks have priority; In the event of an emergency, a temporary special passage should be set up to ensure the passage of "120" emergency vehicles;

　　(II) The administrative department of medical security shall, in combination with factors such as the cost of emergency medical services and the income level of residents, formulate and publish the charging standard and adjustment mechanism of emergency medical services, and timely and truthfully pay the emergency medical expenses of patients who belong to social assistance in accordance with the relevant provisions of medical assistance;

　　(three) the communication enterprise shall ensure the smooth network of the "120" special line and provide the information, materials and technical services stipulated in the service contract to the emergency medical command organization in time;

　　(four) power supply enterprises should ensure the safe and stable power supply of emergency medical command institutions, "120" emergency network hospitals, regional emergency medical centers and emergency stations directly under emergency medical command institutions.

　　Forty-third "120" emergency vehicles to perform pre-hospital medical emergency tasks are protected by law and enjoy the following rights:

　　(1) Using alarms and sign lamps according to law;

　　(two) the use of bus lanes, fire engines, emergency lanes;

　　(3) Under the premise of ensuring safety, it is not restricted by the driving route, driving direction, driving speed and traffic lights;

　　(four) temporary parking in no-stop areas or sections;

　　(5) Exempting from paying parking fees for toll parking lots;

　　(six) other rights stipulated by laws and regulations.

　　Pedestrians and moving vehicles should take the initiative to avoid vehicles and personnel performing medical emergency tasks in time and provide convenience.

　　Article 44 Medical institutions such as the "120" emergency network hospital shall immediately treat the vagrants and beggars they receive, and notify the local relief management institutions in time. The relief management institution shall promptly go to the hospital to identify whether it belongs to the relief object; Those who belong to the rescue object shall go through the rescue registration procedures and pay the treatment expenses in accordance with the relevant provisions on the rescue management of vagrants and beggars.

　　Medical institutions such as "120" emergency network hospital shall assist patients who need emergency rescue due to accidental injury, have no economic ability to pay and have no other channels to solve the basic medical expenses during the first aid period in applying for special funds to pay the basic medical expenses during the first aid period in accordance with the relevant provisions on the management of special funds for social emergency medical assistance of the Red Cross in this Municipality.

　　Forty-fifth municipal and district people’s governments shall support the Red Cross and other organizations to carry out emergency rescue training and emergency rescue volunteer service.

　　The municipal and district people’s governments and relevant administrative departments can support and encourage social forces to carry out social first-aid training, allocate automated external defibrillator, establish social first-aid volunteer teams and other public first-aid construction by purchasing services and special subsidies.

　　

Chapter VI Legal Liability

　　Forty-sixth health administrative departments and their staff have one of the following acts, and the competent authorities shall order them to make corrections within a time limit; If no correction is made within the time limit or the circumstances are serious, the responsible person in charge and the person directly responsible shall be dealt with according to law; If the case constitutes a crime, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law:

　　(a) in violation of the provisions of the twelfth paragraph, not in accordance with the provisions of the "120" emergency network hospital;

　　(two) in violation of the provisions of the second paragraph of article twenty-sixth, the medical institutions refused to accept or delay the treatment of patients in accordance with the provisions of the act, or not in accordance with the provisions of the formulation and implementation of emergency medical plans;

　　(three) in violation of the provisions of article twenty-ninth, not in accordance with the provisions of the assessment of "120" emergency network hospitals, regional emergency medical centers, emergency medical command institutions directly under the first aid station;

　　(four) in violation of the provisions of article thirtieth, to report and complain about violations of these regulations are not handled in time according to law or not in accordance with the provisions of the written reply to report and complain;

　　(five) in violation of the provisions of the first paragraph of article thirty-second, not in accordance with the provisions of the training plan, or not in accordance with the provisions of the unified training content, assessment standards;

　　(six) in violation of the provisions of the third paragraph of article thirty-fourth, not in accordance with the provisions of the automated external defibrillator configuration planning and specification, or not in accordance with the provisions of the establishment of automated external defibrillator electronic map, navigation and remote management system;

　　(seven) in violation of the provisions of the third paragraph of article thirty-sixth, not in accordance with the provisions of the payment of "120" emergency medical subsidies;

　　(eight) in violation of the provisions of article fortieth, not in accordance with the provisions of the organization to carry out pre-hospital medical emergency and emergency medical rescue drills;

　　(nine) to investigate and deal with the acts of emergency medical command institutions, "120" emergency network hospitals, regional emergency medical centers, first-aid stations directly under emergency medical command institutions and their staff in violation of these regulations;

　　(ten) other acts that do not perform the duties stipulated in these regulations according to law and damage the legitimate rights and interests of citizens, legal persons or other organizations.

　　Forty-seventh emergency medical command institutions in any of the following circumstances, the health administrative department shall order it to make corrections within a time limit; If no correction is made within the time limit, interview the main person in charge; If the circumstances are serious, the competent authority shall deal with the responsible person in charge and the person directly responsible:

　　(a) in violation of the provisions of Article 9, paragraph 4 or Article 27, paragraph 1, not in accordance with the provisions of the registration, summary, statistics, storage, reporting of emergency information, or not in accordance with the provisions of the acceptance of the inquiry application;

　　(two) in violation of the provisions of article ninth, fifth, not in accordance with the provisions of the organization training or assessment of command and dispatch personnel, emergency personnel;

　　(three) in violation of the provisions of article ninth, seventh, not in accordance with the provisions of the supervision and deployment of "120" emergency vehicles;

　　(four) in violation of the eighth item of Article 9 of these regulations, failing to perform the obligation of assistance in the emergency medical security of major social activities or emergency medical rescue work;

　　(five) in violation of the provisions of the nineteenth paragraph third, the first aid command, communications, material support and other vehicles for other purposes;

　　(six) in violation of the provisions of article twenty-first, not in accordance with the provisions of the dispatch of "120" emergency network hospitals, regional emergency medical centers, emergency medical command institutions directly under the first aid station;

　　(seven) in violation of the provisions of article twenty-sixth, not in accordance with the provisions of the dispatch instructions, or not in accordance with the provisions of the coordination;

　　(eight) in violation of the provisions of article fortieth, not in accordance with the provisions of the organization to carry out pre-hospital medical emergency and emergency medical rescue drills.

　　Forty-eighth "120" emergency network hospitals, regional emergency medical centers, emergency stations directly under emergency medical command institutions and their staff members violate the provisions of these regulations, and in any of the following circumstances, the health administrative department shall order them to make corrections within a time limit; If no correction is made within the time limit, the unit shall be informed criticism, and the unit shall be fined not less than 5,000 yuan but not more than 20,000 yuan; If the circumstances are serious, the unit shall be fined not less than 20,000 yuan but not more than 100,000 yuan, and the competent authority shall deal with the responsible person in charge and the person directly responsible according to law; If the case constitutes a crime, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law:

　　(a) in violation of the provisions of the thirteenth paragraph, not in accordance with the provisions of the establishment of full-time pre-hospital medical emergency team or equipped with emergency personnel;

　　(two) in violation of the provisions of the fourteenth paragraph, not to implement the 24-hour consultation system;

　　(three) in violation of the provisions of the second paragraph of Article 14, the first paragraph of Article 26 and the second paragraph of Article 27, refusing to accept the command and dispatch of emergency medical command institutions, or failing to do a good job in the registration, summary, statistics, preservation and reporting of pre-hospital medical emergency information in accordance with the provisions;

　　(four) in violation of the provisions of the third paragraph of article fourteenth, the first paragraph of article twenty-third, do not perform emergency medical operation norms;

　　(five) in violation of the provisions of article fourteenth of the sixth, not in accordance with the provisions of the training of emergency personnel;

　　(six) in violation of the provisions of article fifteenth, not in accordance with the provisions of the special medical security, emergency medical rescue support duties, or not in accordance with the provisions of the pre-hospital emergency training, quality management and other duties;

　　(seven) in violation of the provisions of the second paragraph of article nineteenth, not in accordance with the provisions of the inspection, inspection, maintenance, renewal, cleaning or disinfection of "120" emergency vehicles and emergency equipment;

　　(eight) in violation of the provisions of the first paragraph of article twenty-second, article twenty-sixth, not in accordance with the provisions of the "120" emergency vehicles and emergency personnel, or not in accordance with the provisions of the patient to the designated hospital;

　　(nine) in violation of the provisions of the second paragraph of article twenty-fifth and the first paragraph of article forty-fourth, refusing to treat patients;

　　(ten) in violation of the provisions of the third paragraph of article twenty-eighth, unauthorized use of "120" emergency vehicles to perform non pre-hospital medical emergency tasks.

　　Article 49 If a medical institution violates the provisions of Article 26 of these regulations and fails to perform the corresponding duties according to the provisions, it shall be handled by the health administrative department in accordance with the provisions of laws and regulations such as the Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) on the Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases and the Emergency Regulations for Public Health Emergencies.

　　Article 50 Whoever, in violation of the provisions of Item 1 and Item 2 of Article 28 of these Regulations, fraudulently uses the emergency medical command organization, the "120" emergency network hospital, the regional emergency medical center, the first-aid station directly under the emergency medical command organization, the name and first-aid logo of "120", or impersonates the name of "120" emergency vehicle, shall be ordered by the health administrative department to make corrections and be fined between 30,000 yuan and 50,000 yuan; Those who practice without obtaining the practice license of medical institutions shall be dealt with by the health administrative department in accordance with the provisions of laws and regulations such as the Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) on Basic Medical Care and Health Promotion; If a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law.

　　Units or individuals in violation of the provisions of the fourth to eighth of this Ordinance, disrupting the pre-hospital medical emergency order, by the public security organs in accordance with the "People’s Republic of China (PRC) Public Security Management Punishment Law" and other laws and regulations; If a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law.

　　Fifty-first in violation of the provisions of the first paragraph of article thirty-fourth, not in accordance with the provisions of the allocation of automated external defibrillator, the health administrative department shall order it to make corrections within a time limit; If no correction is made within the time limit, the administrative department of health shall impose a fine of not less than ten thousand yuan but not more than thirty thousand yuan.

　　Article 52 If the relevant units and their staff violate the provisions of Article 42 of these regulations and fail to fulfill the obligations of social emergency medical security, which causes serious consequences, the competent authorities shall order them to make corrections, and the responsible persons in charge and the persons directly responsible shall be dealt with according to law; If a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law.

　　

Chapter VII Supplementary Provisions

　　Article 53 These Regulations shall come into force as of May 1, 2023.

Outdoor cycling, do you pay attention to posture？

It’s the season for outdoor cycling. Since the invention of bicycle, riding has become a hobby of many people. With the rise of bike-sharing, more people ride bicycles. Both cyclists and people who use bicycles as a means of transportation should pay attention to the fact that incorrect riding posture and bad riding habits will bring pain and health damage to the body.

1 Excessive riding can easily lead to chronic pain.

Like any sport, improper riding will bring a series of health problems. For example, too "forward"; Seat position adjustment is too high; "Feet" or "Legs" when riding; Bowing one’s head and holding one’s chest or looking up and pouting one’s hips will increase the load on one’s cervical vertebrae, lumbar vertebrae, knee joints, shoulders, elbows and wrists. Generally speaking, the most common health problems caused by incorrect riding methods are chronic pain of musculoskeletal system and diseases of genitourinary system.

The external thigh muscle, biceps femoris and gastrocnemius are the main muscles responsible for pedaling. If the seat is too high, the biceps femoris, gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior, that is, the back of thigh and the front of calf, are prone to fatigue; If the seat is too low, the gluteus maximus, rectus femoris and lateral femoris, that is, the middle and lateral thighs and the posterior pelvis, are prone to fatigue.

When riding a bicycle, due to the hard seat and bumpy road surface, the lower body is in a state of being oppressed and stimulated for a long time, which affects the local blood circulation and will lead to discomfort and pain in the prostate region. The longer you ride, the more obvious the symptoms are. The research on the risk factors of prostatitis suggests that riding a bike or motorcycle is one of the risk factors of chronic prostatitis. Similarly, excessive cycling may also cause compression of blood vessels and nerves in the lower body for women, and a few people even have hematuria or dysuria. The probability of occurrence is related to the time and intensity of cycling.

Clinically, it is found that the health problems related to riding include neck and shoulder pain, back pain, lumbago, knee pain, plantar pain, wrist pain, pelvic sacrococcygeal pain and so on. If you find similar problems, you should go to a professional rehabilitation institution for diagnosis, treatment and evaluation in time. The rehabilitation doctor will evaluate your muscle strength and tension, range of motion of spine and limbs, biological force lines, plantar pressure, etc., find the cause of pain or discomfort, and make targeted adjustments and corrections.

2 Exercise, don’t be a "weekend warrior"

The most important purpose of mastering the correct riding posture is to avoid injury. The correct riding posture is: lean forward slightly, straighten your arms, tighten your abdomen, adopt abdominal breathing method, keep your legs parallel to the beam of the car, keep your knees and hips in harmony, and pay attention to the riding rhythm. Therefore, we need to master the following six riding knowledge.

First, choose the correct riding posture. Don’t imitate the posture of professional cyclists, it is not suitable for ordinary people.

The second is to choose the seat that suits you. Many cyclists will choose a bigger and heavier seat, thinking that a wider seat is more comfortable. In fact, the key to determine whether the seat is comfortable or not is the shape design of the seat and the installation height and position of the seat. Too high installation position of the car seat will make people unable to maintain a stable posture during riding and increase the friction area, while too low installation position will increase the pressure on the contact parts of the human body.

What is the appropriate height of the seat? From the point of riding efficiency, the higher the seat, the better the efficiency, but too high a seat will cause riding danger, and 95% of the height of the greater trochanter is more suitable (the height of the seat does not exceed 95% of the length from the sole of the foot to the greater trochanter of the femur). From the point of view of muscle fatigue and healthy riding, 75% rotor height is more suitable.

Third, pay attention to rest during riding to avoid keeping the same posture for a long time.

The fourth is not to be a "weekend warrior." Regular exercise, combined with a variety of sports methods, to avoid short-term assault riding.

The fifth is to avoid riding on rugged roads for a long time.

Sixth, when riding for a long time, it is necessary to do warm-up activities before the start and relaxation activities after the end.

Not everyone is suitable for cycling. From the perspective of safety, it is not recommended for the elderly or children under 12 to ride independently, especially on traffic roads. The eyesight, hearing, balance and coordination of the elderly are degraded, and it is easy to fall and cause fractures, brain injuries and soft tissue injuries. Children should not use adult bicycles, because they are petite, it is difficult to control the vehicle well, and the riding posture must be abnormal, which is easy to cause injuries. Although cycling is not a taboo during pregnancy, cycling should be reduced as much as possible in the first trimester, the unstable fetal state or the third trimester to avoid accidents. For patients with hemorrhoids or lumbar disc herniation, there is no clear medical evidence to prove that cycling will aggravate the disease, but we should always pay attention to the unwell symptoms of the body and not force it.

3 Slow cycling is suitable for dieters.

Different riding time, speed and energy consumption efficiency achieve different sports effects. If you ride at a speed of less than 16 km/h, you will burn about 235 to 370 calories in one hour (the specific calories burned vary according to people’s weight). When the speed reaches 19 km/h, riding for an hour burns about 350 to 550 calories. Therefore, making full use of the combination of different speeds and riding modes can achieve better exercise effect.

Ride slowly. Generally, it does not exceed 65% of the maximum heart rate (simple calculation formula: 220- age). If it lasts for more than 20 minutes, it will burn more fat to supply energy. This method is more suitable for people who aim at reducing fat.

Ride fast. At this time, the human body mainly supplies energy through anaerobic glycolysis of glycogen (anaerobic glycolysis: the process in which glucose or glycogen is decomposed into lactic acid and energy when the body is in a relatively anoxic situation, such as strenuous exercise), which can improve the anaerobic exercise ability of the whole body, especially the thigh muscles, and help raise the anaerobic threshold. In other words, after repeated rapid cycling training, the tolerance of anaerobic exercise will be improved and the discomfort will be postponed.

Combination of speed and speed. This kind of riding mode needs the scientific guidance of professionals, which is more suitable for people who aim at improving their competitive sports ability.

Ride at a medium speed. Medium-speed cycling is a good way to exercise cardiopulmonary function and aerobic exercise ability, which is more suitable for older cyclists.

Extended reading

What are the benefits of cycling to people?

Riding is a combination of aerobic exercise and anaerobic exercise, which is beneficial to systemic vascular function, cardiopulmonary function, musculoskeletal system and metabolic system.

1. It can improve vascular function. Cycling can speed up the heartbeat and blood flow. When blood flows rapidly and rubs against the blood vessel wall, it can produce nitric oxide, which is helpful to relax smooth muscle, dilate blood vessels, remove free radicals and improve blood vessel function.

2, can promote bone health. In addition to supporting posture and limb movement lever, bones also have the functions of hematopoiesis and calcium storage. When cycling, the bones exert force due to load and bear the ground impact caused by bumps, which will improve the absorption of calcium and help to reshape and strengthen the bones.

3, can improve cardiopulmonary function. When riding, the exercise intensity changes greatly due to the fluctuation of the speed and terrain of pedaling. The energy consumption types of exercise are constantly switched between aerobic exercise, anaerobic exercise and alternating exercise, and the heart rate also changes, often increasing by two to three times compared with usual. Repeated exercises like this can promote strong myocardial contraction and improve cardiopulmonary function.

4, can burn more fat. The metabolic rate of the body-the efficiency of burning calories and fat not only increases during cycling, but also lasts for several hours after cycling. When cycling, the energy consumed by adding fast intermittent cycling mode is 3.5 times that of slow cycling. Besides, compared with running, cycling has much less damage to the knee joint.

5, can enhance muscle strength. Long-term riding is particularly significant for the activation of quadriceps femoris, gluteus and gastrocnemius of lower limbs. Strong muscles can not only prevent people from being injured during exercise, but also play a positive role in supporting and protecting bone joints and delaying joint degeneration and aging.

(Author: Physician, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tsinghua, Tsinghua University)

Michael bay： How to be the richest Hollywood destroyer？

　 　 Special feature of 1905 film network Michael bay, his movies can never stimulate your lacrimal gland, but they can keep your adrenal gland burning all the time. Fans call him an explosion maniac, and his fierce fighting and extremely destructive action scenes are his unique skills. People who have worked with him call him a tyrant on the set, and his fiery temper and amazing efficiency are well-known in the industry. Hollywood filmmakers call him the most attractive director in Hollywood after Steven Allan Spielberg. If you are willing to spend money with him, he will definitely spend every penny on the cutting edge. Michael bay, he has never been a master of film art, but he is definitely a different craftsman born under the Hollywood system.
　
Debut: MV director
　
　 　 Michael bay is a native of Los Angeles. When he was a child, Beckham loved to play with volcano models, and once burned through the floor of his home, causing a tragedy. When he was three years old, he was seven years younger, and his strong desire for destruction had already appeared. David fincher, the famous director, became a member of george lucas Industrial Light and Magic Special Effects Company at the age of 19, while michael bay, who is three years younger than Finch, is a veritable "senior brother". At the age of 15, he became an intern in file management at Lucasfilm. The deepest memory that this job left for michael bay when he was a student is that on one screening, after watching the film, the audience all left with a puzzled look, and did not discuss endlessly as excitedly as the audience did. The 15-year-old Beckham has made a decision in his mind: I also want to make a blockbuster that will make the audience High.
　
　 　　Michael bay majored in film and English at Wesleyan University. Unlike many directors who lost their jobs as soon as they graduated, he took the first business in his career — — Shooting MV for Donny Osmond, a red star in the 1970s. The owner of the record company left the fledgling young man with $160,000, so that he could do it at his own discretion. You know, the cost of filming in michael bay had never exceeded $5,000 before. Carrying this "huge sum of money", he carefully completed the task and earned the first barrel of director commission in his life — — 500 dollars.
　
　 　　Michael bay, who was young and frivolous, quickly became famous in the industry by shooting MV. Later, invitations for advertising films from big companies such as Nike, Reebok and Coca-Cola came one after another. In the early 1990s, michael bay won the Golden Palm (Cannes Golden Lion Award) in advertising. In the filming of commercial films, Michael is also honing his personal ability to enter Hollywood, such as how to arrange the lights, how to capture the lens and the most important point — — How to tell the stars what to do.
　
　 　　During the filming of an advertisement in the Mojave Desert, michael bay’s mother came to visit the class and watched her son command more than 200 people running around the studio. A helicopter rose and fell around him, and her mother was shocked. Michael said to his mother, "This is a cool money-burning war, and someone paid me to do it. Can you believe it?"
　
Success: from wage earners to major shareholders
　
　 　　In 1994, Jerry Bruckheimer, a Hollywood gold medal producer, extended an olive branch to michael bay. In front of him, a play called "The Story of Two Miami Black Policemen Arresting Drug Dealers" was presented. Because the original script was so vulgar, Don Simpson, one of the co-producers, even refused to sign the film before the official shooting. Michael bay decided to start with actors. He chose will smith and martin lawrence, who were still unknown at that time, and the three brothers marched to Miami, first shooting the trailer, and then gradually enriching the details of the script. This also sets the tone of michael bay’s films from the side: vision is king. Looking at today’s film industry, it seems that the only person who inherits this crazy creative way is Mexican geek director robert rodriguez (representative).
　
　 　　When shooting the scene of fierce fighting at the end of the film, the studio suddenly fell into a storm and the scenery was destroyed. At this time, the early funds of the crew had already seen the bottom. Seeing that the big-screen debut was about to be ruined, michael bay patted his thigh and took out $25,000 from his $125,000 director fee to complete the filming. In the end, "Jedi Men" won $140 million in the world at a cost of $19 million, and Michael won a good start. However, after the film was sold, Michael, who was in the forefront, was like a migrant worker, claiming the $25,000 from the producer. This passive experience has taught michael bay an important lesson.
　
　 　　And the birth of two box office bombs, michael bay became the youngest "1 billion yuan box office director" in history, and the big productions placed in Michael’s hands were one after another. At this time, he decided to break away from the role of odd jobs for big studios and prepare to try a new way of playing for big directors.
　
　 　　In 2000, michael bay took over the World War II blockbuster, which cost as much as 140 million US dollars. This time, he asked for a 50% profit share after deducting the shooting and advertising expenses. He became a shareholder of the film, of course, he was more careful and tried to spend every penny on the cutting edge. During the filming, he used high-level public relations to get rid of the US military and saved tens of millions of dollars for the film. In the end, this summer box office predator made michael bay a fortune of up to $40 million.

next page　Sucking gold: michael bay’s business experience

Keep a promise in your life and promise your motherland with your own body.

　

　　CCTV News: He was once a world-famous scientific research star, but he disappeared at the peak. He left his hometown, remained anonymous, and even his family didn’t know what he was doing … … He used his whole life to fulfill his promise: I would like to promise my country.

　　He is Wang Ganchang, the founder of China’s nuclear science and winner of the "Two Bombs and One Satellite" Meritorious Medal. On December 10th, 1998, Wang Ganchang died at the age of 91.

　　Recall a generation of meritorious deeds.

　　Life of Wang Ganchang

　　Why should I keep doing what others can do? But there is one job I won’t quit, and that is scientific research.

　　— — Wang Ganchang

Wang Ganchang (May 28, 1907.5.28— 1998.12.10）

　　Wang Ganchang was born in Changshu, Jiangsu Province in 1907. I went to a private school first and went to Shanghai at the age of 13 to attend Pudong Middle School.

　　In 1925, Wang Ganchang was admitted to Tsinghua University, where he stayed as a teaching assistant in 1929. In 1930, Wang Ganchang took the official fee from Jiangsu Province to study abroad, and went to the William Royal Institute of Chemistry at the University of Berlin, Germany, where she studied under the famous female nuclear physicist L Maitenaz. In 1934, she received her doctorate and returned to China to teach.

　　In 1956, Wang Ganchang went to Dubna United Nuclear Research Institute of the Soviet Union as a researcher and was elected as the deputy director. The physics team led by him discovered the anti-Sigma negative hyperon for the first time, which caused a sensation in international academic circles.

△ Wang Ganchang when he was young

　　In December 1960, Wang Ganchang returned from the Soviet Union and was ordered to secretly participate in the development of atomic bombs. In 1962, he basically mastered the means and experimental technology of atomic bomb implosion.

　　In December 1964, Wang Ganchang independently put forward the proposal of laser-driven nuclear fusion, and the research of laser nuclear fusion in China started.

　　In 1984, Wang Ganchang accepted the honorary certificate awarded by the University of Berlin, which was specially set up for scientists who were still working in the front line of scientific research 50 years after receiving their doctorate. People called them "Dr. Jin".

　　At 21: 48 on December 10th, 1998, Wang Ganchang died of illness in Beijing at the age of 91.

　　In 1999, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the State Council and the Central Military Commission awarded him "Two Bombs and One Satellite Meritorious Medal".

　　I missed the Nobel Prize twice.

　　When he was a graduate student at the University of Berlin, Wang Ganchang, who was only 23 years old, had a chance to embrace the Nobel Prize. At that time, Wang Ganchang proposed to his teacher, Maitney, to experiment with a penetrating ray in a cloud room. Maitney is a prestigious nuclear physicist, but this time she underestimated the creativity of China’s young man. She rejected Wang Ganchang’s application twice. Two years later, chadwick, a British physicist, adopted the experimental method proposed by Wang Ganchang and discovered neutrons, thus winning the Nobel Prize in Physics.

△ Professor Metterne is known as "Madame Curie of Germany"

　　In 1941, Wang Ganchang published a short article "Suggestions on Detecting Neutrinos", and American physicist Allen carried out experiments according to the suggestions in Wang Ganchang’s paper, and nearly completed the verification of neutrinos. At this time, in Wang Ganchang in the northwest, Sun Hao, a teaching assistant, and Xu Liangying, a student, were asked to carry on the experiment, but unfortunately they didn’t follow Wang Ganchang’s design. In 1995, American scientist F. reines won the Nobel Prize in Physics for his confirmation of the existence of neutrinos. When the news came, 88-year-old Wang Ganchang said simply: The honor should go to the scientist who made the final result.

　　have [with] pupils everywhere; have [with] students all over the country [world]

　　Wang Ganchang has been a university professor for 20 years, and he is full of peaches and plums. Li Zhengdao, a Chinese scientist, is his disciple. In the field of national defense research, he taught by example, and Zhou Guangzhao, Deng Jiaxian, Yu Min, Chen Nengkuan, Cheng Kaijia, Du Xiangwan, Hu Renyu, Hu Side, Tang Xiaowei, Lv Min, Ding Dazhao, Wang Naiyan and He Xiantu all received direct guidance from Wang Ganchang.

My father

Information provided/Wang Zunming (daughter of Wang Ganchang)

　　Father is an ordinary and simple person, and material enjoyment is out of place for him.

　　In War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression’s time, life was extremely hard. Seven members of my family moved to Guizhou with Zhejiang University, relying on my father’s meager salary to make a living. At that time, my father got tuberculosis, and the situation was very difficult. At this time, in order to support War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, my father donated all the gold and silver jewelry he had left when he got married to the country. Later, a sheep was raised at home, and it was supplemented with goat’s milk to survive the hard times.

　　In 1947, my father won the Fan Xudong Prize, and he distributed the $1,000 he got to teachers, colleagues and students who were in more financial difficulties, but he didn’t give a penny to the families who were still in financial difficulties.

　　In 1960, when I was in college, I suffered from malnutrition and edema. In this year, my father was ordered to return to China from the Soviet Union. He gave all his accumulated salary of 140,000 rubles (old coins) to Liu Xiao, the ambassador to the Soviet Union, hoping to contribute to the country’s difficulties. Father didn’t bring any material improvement to his family and children after he returned to China.

△ The left one is Wang Ganchang

　　During the development of the two bombs, my father traveled in Qinghai Plateau and Gobi Desert in Xinjiang for many years and rarely returned to Beijing. According to state regulations, you can enjoy subsidies and special care in plateau areas. But not only does he not want subsidies and care, but every time he returns to Beijing from the nuclear base, he pays for his own travel. When the secretary wanted to take the ticket for reimbursement, he said that the money was enough, so why report it? Later, the secretary reimbursed him behind his back, and he was still very angry when he found out.

　　In 1982, he donated all the RMB 3,000 prize money won by the National Natural Science First Prize to the Atomic Energy Institute. In his letter to the Party Committee of the Institute, he wrote, "I voluntarily donate all the prize money to the primary and secondary schools of the Atomic Energy Institute, hoping that the dolls in the motherland can grow sturdily, thus reducing some worries for their fathers and doing more work for the atomic energy industry." The prize money established the Wang Ganchang Scholarship.

　　In 1986, my father donated 40,000 yuan, and the Institute of Atomic Energy established the "Wang Ganchang Basic Education Award Foundation". From 1986 to 1999, 616 people have won this prize, and many of them have achieved excellent results.

△ Wang Ganchang visited the Optoelectronic Laboratory in a wheelchair in his later years

　　After my father’s death, we donated 500,000 yuan to set up the "Wang Ganchang Prize in Physics" to reward researchers who have made outstanding contributions in the fields of inertial confinement fusion and particle physics. At the same time, he donated 100,000 yuan to his hometown, Changshu, to develop local cultural and educational undertakings.

"The" Wang Laotou "who has been lurking in Treasure Beach for 17 years"

This article was originally published in cstnet, but it has been revised.

　　In 1958, an army had just returned triumphantly from the Korean battlefield. Instead of disarming and returning to the fields, they went straight to the depths of the desert, and they received only one order — — Don’t ask what you are doing, and don’t ask where you are going.

　　Two years later, Wang Ganchang, a world-renowned China scientist with the greatest potential to win the Nobel Prize, suddenly disappeared. At the same time, another man named "Jing Wang" appeared in the northwest of China.

　　They, for the common mission.

△ Wang Ganchang

　　From "Wang Ganchang" to "Jing Wang", he said: I would like to make my country.

　　In 1960, the Soviet Union withdrew all its experts in China and unilaterally tore up more than 200 contracts, leaving behind a large number of half-finished projects. At this time, Wang Ganchang was studying with atoms and experts from all over the world using the most powerful accelerator in Dubna, the Soviet Union. Wang Ganchang and his team discovered the world’s first anti-Sigma negative hyperon.This discovery is enough to prove that it was only a matter of time before Wang Ganchang wanted to win the Nobel Prize.

　　However, at this moment, a phone call from China changed Wang Ganchang’s fate.

　　On April 3, 1961, Wang Ganchang, who had just returned to China, received a notice from the Second Ministry of Machinery Industry: Minister Liu Jie asked him to meet immediately. In the office, Liu Jie and Qian Sanqiang met with Wang Ganchang, and conveyed to him the important decision of the Central Committee: I hope he will participate in China’s nuclear weapons research, and ask him to give up his research direction and do applied research that he is unfamiliar with but urgently needed by the country. Finally, I asked him if he would like to change his name. Wang Ganchang without hesitation, immediately wrote down the word "Jing Wang", and hit the floor said:"I would like to make a country."

　　At that time, Wang Ganchang was in his fifties.

　　The "No.17" construction site at the foot of Yanshan Mountain is the first movement of China’s nuclear weapons detonation experiment.

　　In this way, Wang Ganchang devoted himself to the development of nuclear weapons by leaving his hometown, hiding his name, keeping it absolutely secret and cutting off all relations with overseas countries.

　　The research work of the atomic bomb started from scratch. In order to train the team of detonation experiments, Wang Ganchang specially gave young people a week’s training course, from mathematics to physics to experimental analysis. After all the work was ready, a group of them came to No.17 construction site at the foot of the ancient Great Wall in Yanshan Mountains.

　　A bunker, several rows of simple barracks and more than a dozen military tents are the first atomic bomb detonation test site and component development base in China. Wang Ganchang and Chen Nengkuan led a young research team with an average age of only 20 years old here, and conducted detonation experiments again and again.

△ Wang Ganchang (first from the right) guides the work.

　　The living conditions on the construction site are very difficult, but what is even more difficult is the scientific research environment. The explosives and components used in the initial detonation experiment were all stirred by hand in tents with enamel pots and wooden sticks. It is very hard to stir explosives in the tent, because the tent is not well ventilated, and the whole tent is filled with explosive dust, and the strange and unpleasant smell rushes in, and the agitator has to stir quickly. Although the work is hard, the young boys are all full of energy. The harder the job, the more they strive to do it, and finally they simply take turns mixing. Wang Ganchang, who is in his fifties, is also struggling to do this job. Everyone looks distressed and pushes him outside the tent, but as long as no one pays attention, he will return to the tent.

　　As the leader in charge of the overall work of detonation experiment, Wang Ganchang should pay attention to all aspects of the experiment. From the development of explosives, the study of explosive molding, to the detonation physics experiment, and finally to the test work, he must personally guide. Wang Ganchang’s former research field was experimental physics, and he was not familiar with explosives, detonation and explosion mechanics, so he had to learn from scratch and give lectures at the 17th construction site. In the lecture, he often encounters problems, so he starts everyone to discuss together, and those who are able are teachers and those who will be teachers. On site 17, everyone works hard during the day and studies books at night. In this way, with everyone’s joint efforts, after repeated experimental improvements, the quality problem of explosives was finally solved.

△ Wang Ganchang (first from left)

　　With the success of the detonation experiment in No.17 construction site, China’s nuclear weapons test also started. Some people say that the rumble of guns at the foot of Yanshan Mountain is the first movement of China’s nuclear weapons detonation experiment.On the day he left the scene of the explosion, 55-year-old Wang Ganchang pulled out a few white hairs and left them in a crevice as a souvenir.Twenty years later, he won the first prize of the National Natural Science Award for the detonation experiment on the 17th construction site.

　　Into the northwest, hidden gold and silver beach, the secret years of 221 factory.

　　After March 1963, most researchers went to the Northwest Nuclear Test Base. Because of confidentiality requirements, Wang Ganchang told his wife, Wu Yueqin, that he would work in Xi ‘an for a period of time, and then he went to Treasure Beach in Qinghai.

　　Jinyintan is located in haiyan county, Qinghai Province, and the nuclear weapon research and development base in the center of Jinyintan grassland is called Factory 221. It is said that for the nuclear cause of the Republic, more than 1,700 herdsmen in Jinyintan grassland moved out and gave up their land for generations without compensation.

△ Qinghai Jinyintan

　　In Factory 221, Wang Ganchang still focuses on detonation experiment, that is, "cold experiment". The detonation experiment was carried out in several experimental bases far away from his residence, which was much larger than the No.17 construction site of that year. In order to keep abreast of the progress of the experiment, he shuttled between several experimental bases like a lantern. Every day, people can see Wang Ganchang wearing a uniform military coat and a pair of high boots, and rushing by in a jeep. At the base, the boys humorously called him "Wang Laotou".

　　At work, Wang Ganchang’s "stubbornness" is well known. Sometimes when something goes wrong at work, he will lose his temper loudly. Even Deng Jiaxian, an old scientist, wanted to hand in the derived data later because he was really too busy. When asking for instructions with this dean Wang, he was also uneasy. In his later years, Wang Ganchang wrote in his memoirs:"The task is very urgent. The development of the atomic bomb is a huge and complicated systematic project, and all links must be strictly controlled. After the theoretical scheme is determined, all aspects of the production experiment must meet the requirements of Premier Zhou Enlai ‘ Serious, thoughtful and meticulous, safe and reliable, foolproof ’ 。”

　　Nuclear weapons work is extremely confidential, so we can’t reveal any information to anyone, and there are special requirements for the whereabouts of the staff and who to meet. Once, Wang Ganchang had just returned to Beijing from the base, and before he could catch his breath, he received an order to return to the northwest base immediately, so he had to leave Beijing immediately. Later, he learned that Japanese scientists who came to Beijing wanted to meet Wang Ganchang, but his identity was unable to meet foreign guests, so Premier Zhou informed him to leave Beijing quickly and return to the base, and told foreign guests that Wang Ganchang was not in Beijing and could not make an appointment.

　　After the successful experiment of hydrogen bomb principle, Wang Ganchang only said meaningfully: "It’s not easy!"

　　At that time, the northwest nuclear test base had unimaginable conditions. Limited experimental conditions, limited equipment, it is under such conditions that our scientists have mastered the key technology of China’s first atomic bomb explosion. Wang Ganchang led his team, from the foot of the Great Wall to the Gobi grassland, to conduct detonation tests again and again, and found out the implosion law of the atomic bomb.

　　In 1963, Chen Yi asked Wang Ganchang, "When did that thing of yours ring?"

　　Wang Ganchang confidently replied: "In another year."

　　Chen Yi said happily, "Good! With this, my foreign minister’s waist is hard. "

　　At Qian Sanqiang’s suggestion, China has already begun to explore the hydrogen bomb while developing the atomic bomb. After the successful explosion of the atomic bomb, Wang Ganchang, as the vice president in charge of the experiment of the Nuclear Weapons Research Institute, quickly plunged into the hydrogen bomb experiment. At the beginning of 1966, Wang Ganchang, who was nearly 60 years old, worked out a detonation simulation experiment scheme together with the comrades in the experimental department, and solved the key problems in the detonation design technology in repeated "cold experiments".

　　During the development of the hydrogen bomb, China suffered the catastrophe of the Cultural Revolution. Fortunately, under the protection of Zhou Enlai, the cutting-edge science and technology field was relatively calm. But in that special period, Wang Ganchang was still not spared and was criticized. Despite this, he resisted pressure and grievances and always focused on scientific research. After the successful experiment of hydrogen bomb principle, Nie Rongzhen excitedly held Wang Ganchang’s hand, while Wang Ganchang just said meaningfully: "It’s not easy!"

　　In this way, from 1961 to 1978, Wang Ganchang completely disappeared from people’s sight, and when he was closest to the Nobel Prize, he chose to give up.He used the most brilliant 17 years of his life to hide his name and promote a country’s status as a nuclear power.

The picture comes from the Internet.

Copyright belongs to the original author.

Inner Mongolia’s ＂paper serving sentence＂ criminals exposed the shady commutation again： paying bribes by buying patents to ＂make meritorious deeds＂

　　On September 7th, The Paper reported that five prison doctors in Inner Mongolia prison system had seriously violated the medical condition appraisal regulations for criminals released on parole, and made the murderer Wang "serve his sentence on paper" for many years, and got married, had children, traveled and worked outside the prison.

　　The Paper verified in many ways that this murderer at large was the murderer Wang Yunhong in the "murder case bought by the president of a university" which was a sensation in 2001. He was finally sentenced to death with a two-year suspension of execution, which was later reduced to 15 years in prison. With the help of prison doctors and other related people, Wang Yunhong, a life-threatening prisoner, was "released from prison" only after being detained for more than seven years.

　　According to the authoritative documents obtained by The Paper, there are also problems in Wang Yunhong’s commutation: first, he paid bribes; second, he made meritorious service by buying patents.

　　At present, the Hohhot Intermediate People’s Court has ruled that the temporary execution time outside prison for three felons, including Wang Yunhong, who violate the rules and seek medical treatment outside prison, is not included in the execution sentence. However, there has been no corrected information disclosure about Wang Yunhong’s illegal purchase of patents and his substantial commutation.

　　Yang Wenzhi’s resume

　　It is illegal to seek medical treatment on parole, and there is also a shady commutation.

　　The Paper previously reported that three felons who should have served their sentences in the No.1 prison in Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, were illegally released on parole for medical treatment. Five prison doctors, including Wang Quanren, deputy director of the Fourth Prison in Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, and vice president of the First Hospital of the Prison Bureau, were detained for illegally helping the three people to go out on bail for medical treatment. Subsequently, on October 24, 2019, the Hohhot Intermediate People’s Court ruled that the time for three felons, Wang Yunhong, Zhuang Yonghua and Zou Qingbao, to seek medical treatment outside the hospital was not included in the execution sentence.

　　The Paper combed and found that all the triple criminals received different degrees of commutation before they were released on medical parole illegally. For example, Wang Yunhong, the murderer of the murder case, was reduced from life imprisonment to 15 years’ imprisonment, while Zhuang Yonghua, the murderer of the murder case with a gun, was directly reduced from a suspended death sentence to 18 years’ imprisonment.

　　The indictment recently issued by 12309 China Procuratorate Network revealed the reason why Wang Yunhong got a reduced sentence.

　　The People’s Procuratorate of Naiman Banner, Tongliao City accused Yang Wenzhi, the former deputy director of Hohhot No.1 Prison, of taking care of a prisoner who was sentenced to death with a suspended sentence, and Yang Wenzhi received 50,000 yuan from it. According to the news released by the Supervision Committee of the Commission for Discipline Inspection of Tongliao City, on June 28, 2019, Yang Wenzhi, as the director of the Juvenile Delinquency Center of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Prison Administration, was suspected of serious violation of the law and was under disciplinary review and supervision investigation by the Supervision Committee of the Commission for Discipline Inspection of Horqin District, Tongliao City. The Paper noted that the time when Yang Wenzhi was investigated was close to that when Wang Quanren and other five prison doctors were investigated.

　　According to the above indictment, the criminal Wang Moujia was sentenced to death with a suspended sentence for intentional homicide, and was put into the first prison area of Hohhot No.1 prison on April 14, 2006 to serve his sentence. At that time, the head of the first prison area was Yang Wenzhi. Yang Wenzhi and Wang Moujia’s brother-in-law Wu Mou are classmates. He accepted the banquet and request of Wu and his wife Wang Mouyi (handled separately), and promised to take care of Wang Moujia during his sentence. In order to thank Yang Wenzhi for taking care of Wang Moujia, Wang Mouyi gave Yang Wenzhi 10,000 yuan each time during the Spring Festival or Mid-Autumn Festival from 2008 to 2012, totaling 50,000 yuan.

　　From August 2008 to December 2012, Yang Wenzhi served as the deputy warden of Hohhot No.1 Prison, in charge of prison administration, legal system, prison investigation and education. In December 2008, after the prisoner Wang Moujia’s illegal purchase of utility model patents was discovered by the prison staff, Yang Wenzhi prevented the chief of the prison investigation department from conducting an investigation in order to make Wang Moujia’s commutation in the future unaffected, resulting in Wang Moujia’s use of mobile phones to contact outside the prison to purchase patents not being ascertained and thoroughly investigated.

　　According to the regulations of the No.1 prison in Hohhot, Wang Moujia should have been confined and deducted 50 points, and he would not be credited with merit for six months. However, due to the intervention of Yang Wenzhi, Wang Moujia was not punished but was credited with merit once in April 2009. Soon, Wang Moujia once again violated the prison regulations, bought the application materials for three utility model patents, and successfully applied for utility model patents for commutation.

　　In March 2011, Hohhot No.1 Prison submitted a commutation proposal to the High Court of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, and submitted a commutation proposal, a commutation approval form for criminals, and a criminal appraisal form. In addition, there are proof materials of Wang Moujia’s accumulated contributions of eight times in August 2006, August and October 2008, April, July, August and September 2009, and May 2010, and he obtained three utility model patents and other relevant evidence.

　　On March 11, 2011, the Inner Mongolia High Court ruled that Wang Moujia was reduced from life imprisonment to 15 years imprisonment.

　　The Paper compared many judicial documents and found that Wang Moujia was the murderer of the murder case and Wang Yunhong, who was sentenced to death with a suspended sentence in the final instance.

　　Inventor from prison. Source: Network screenshot

　　A number of patents were exposed, and murderers became inventors.

　　According to the above documents, after Wang Yunhong’s patent purchase in 2008 was discovered, but not thoroughly investigated, he bought three utility model patents in 2009 for commutation.

　　The Paper inquired about official website of the State Patent Office and searched under the name of "Wang Yunhong", and found that there were as many as six patents for which the applicant was "Wang Yunhong". Among them, two patents were applied on March 5, 2009: the outer cover of kettle cover and portable multifunctional lunch box; On December 7, 2009, he applied for the patent of "cervical vertebra stretching device"; On December 8, 2009, I applied for "adjustable speed electric manicure device".

　　For the above four patents, the applicant’s address is: Department of Education, Inner Mongolia No.1 Prison, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. The four patents and patent rights have been terminated at present.

　　In 2008, "Wang Yunhong" also involved two other patents, which were for external use. "An external medicine for treating tinea" was applied on August 7, 2008, and the applicants and inventors were "Wang Yunhong and Du Shaodong"; "An external medicine for treating rosacea" was applied on August 11th, 2008. The applicant and inventor were Wang Yunhong. The addresses of the applicants of these two patents are "Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region … … Wang Zhehong turned. "

　　At present, the legal status of these two patents is "deemed abandonment of patent rights".

　　In addition, like Wang Yunhong, Zhuang Yonghua, a gunman murderer in Xilinhot in 2004 who served his sentence in Hohhot No.1 Prison, was also suspected to have applied for a patent.

　　According to Zhuang Yonghua’s criminal ruling on the change of punishment for intentional homicide: On March 13, 2006, the Intermediate People’s Court of Xilin Gol League of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region found Zhuang Yonghua guilty of intentional homicide and illegal possession of guns, sentenced to death and deprived of political rights for life. On November 16, 2006, the Higher People’s Court of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region commuted the death sentence of the defendant Zhuang Yonghua.

　　The Paper noted that on January 6, 2007, Zhuang Yonghua was delivered to Hohhot No.1 Prison, and after serving two years’ imprisonment, he was directly sentenced to 18 years’ imprisonment from suspended death and six years’ deprivation of political rights. Moreover, like Wang Yunhong, after the commutation of his sentence, he went through five prison doctors, including Wang Quanren, for illegal medical parole.

　　On April 10, 2009, the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region High Court made this ruling on commutation, and one year later, on October 12, 2010, the Hohhot Intermediate People’s Court ruled that Zhuang Yonghua’s fixed-term imprisonment would be reduced by three years, and the deprivation of political rights would remain unchanged for six years. One and a half years later, on May 15, 2012, the third ruling reduced his imprisonment for two years and six months, and deprived him of political rights for six years. The sentence is until June 27, 2021. Zhuang Yonghua reduced his sentence by a large margin each time, but the ruling did not disclose the reasons for his reduction.

　　The Paper reporter inquired about official website of the State Patent Office and searched under the name of "Zhuang Yonghua", and found that there were also many patents. Four of the patents have a common applicant’s address: On June 16th, 2009, Zhuang Yonghua (applicant and inventor) applied for two patents: low-energy radio and domestic floor heating boiler; On June 26th, 2011, Zhuang Yonghua (the applicant and the inventor) applied for two patents, one is a device and the other is a medicine: an automatic water replenishing device for cultivated plants and a compound honey-made pill for relieving cough and relieving asthma.

　　The above four patent applications all have a common applicant address: Education Department of Mailbox 2001, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.

　　According to relevant sources, this address is the mailing address of Hohhot No.1 Prison.

　　Wang Yunhong’s patent application

　　The "paper sentence" has been corrected, and the fraudulent commutation has not been corrected by information disclosure.

　　The Paper noted that the indictment of Yang Wenzhi’s crime of favoritism and commutation was filed on January 19, 2020, and the news of his trial and sentencing has not been disclosed yet. However, Wang Mouyi, the sister of Wang Yunhong who bribed Yang Wenzhi, was sentenced by Naiman Banner Court of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region on June 16, 2020. Wang Mouyi was sentenced to 6 months in prison and fined RMB 100,000.

　　According to the judgment, in order to thank Yang Wenzhi for his special care for Wang Yunhong, from 2008 to 2012, during the Spring Festival or Mid-Autumn Festival, Wang Mouyi gave Yang RMB 10,000 each time and gave Yang RMB 50,000 five times in total. On June 16, 2020, Wang Mouyi was sentenced to six months’ imprisonment and fined RMB 100,000 by Naiman Banner Court of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region for bribery.

　　Naiman Banner People’s Procuratorate believes that the defendant Yang Wenzhi, as a staff member of the penalty execution organ, accepted banquets, property and engages in malpractices for personal gain from the relatives of the criminal Wang Moujia, failed to investigate the serious violations of discipline and discipline of the criminal Wang Moujia, and failed to deal with them according to the regulations. When the criminal Wang Moujia was asked to reduce his sentence, the relevant materials submitted by the prison did not truthfully record Wang Moujia’s serious violations of discipline and discipline, which led to the court’s ruling that the life imprisonment of the criminal Wang Moujia was reduced to 15 years’ imprisonment, which reduced the sentence.

　　In addition, The Paper combed the verdicts of five prison medical cases, including Wang Quanren’s, and found that Wang Yunhong’s family had been released on parole through Yang Wenzhi after his commutation.

　　According to the verdict, on February 25th, 2014, in the special activities of commutation, parole and temporary execution outside prison carried out by the prison system, Wang Yunhong was put into prison according to law until July 10th, 2014, when he was hospitalized in the prison bureau hospital. In order to get to know Wang Quanren, the deputy director of the Fourth Prison, Wang Yunhong’s sister once hosted a banquet for Wang Quanren through Yang, then the deputy director of the Third Prison in Hohhot, and tried to bribe Wang Quanren. After operation, Wang Yunhong was granted medical parole.

　　Wang Yunhong’s middleman, Yang, the deputy director of Hohhot No.3 Prison, was suspected to be Yang Wenzhi.

　　Yang Wenzhi’s resume shows that from August 2004 to December 2012, he served as the director of the first prison area of Hohhot No.1 prison and the deputy director of the first prison. From November 2012 to December 2016, he served as member of the Party Committee and deputy warden of Hohhot No.3 Prison. Yang Wenzhi’s tenure in the two prisons coincided with the time when Wang Yunhong’s sister commuted her sentence and went on medical parole for Wang Yunhong.

　　The Paper previously reported that on July 17th, 2020, Wang Quanren committed the crime of dereliction of duty, and was finally sentenced to five years and six months’ imprisonment by Tongliao Intermediate People’s Court of Inner Mongolia. Four other prison doctors, including Gao Chuntao, Zhang Man, Li Qifang and Chen Hua, committed the crime of abuse of power and were finally sentenced to five to three years’ imprisonment.

　　As early as October 24, 2019, the Hohhot Intermediate People’s Court announced that the temporary execution time for Wang Yunhong, Zhuang Lihua and Zou Qing to seek medical treatment outside the prison was not counted. At present, Wang Yunhong’s illegal purchase of patents has been greatly reduced, and there is no information disclosure to show correction.

How to set the ringtone for soda music How to set the ringtone for soda music [Detailed explanation]

　　Recently, many users who are using soda music are not very familiar with how to set the ringtone of soda music. Next, Xiaobian will bring you the method of setting ringtones for soda music. Interested users come and have a look below.

　　How to set the ringtone for soda music? Method for setting ringtone of mobile phone for soda music

　　Open the soda music software, then we can find a song at random, and then click the three points on the right and then click download.

　　Go to my page, see the songs we downloaded, then find the file where you downloaded the songs, and click Set as ringtone.

　　The above is the way to set the ringtone of soda music for everyone to share, and more wonderful tutorials are in IT Encyclopedia.

HarmonyOS Zhixing asked the M8 test drive to make an appointment, operate quickly and experience driving pleasure easily.

Explore the M8 test drive tour: unlock the appointment cheats, store navigation, test drive instructions and exclusive benefits!

1. Appointment in WeChat official account: Pay attention to the official micro-channel WeChat official account of M8-click the function of "Appointment for test drive"-enter personal information-select the vehicle model, store and test drive time-and receive confirmation push with consultant information and test drive precautions after submission.
2. Convenient appointment in official website: Visit the M8 official website or the official small program-locate the "Appointment Test Drive" module-fill in the basic information-select the vehicle type and test drive location-and wait for the professional team to contact after submission.
3. Third-party platform for automobiles: Search for the M8 model on the third-party platform such as Pacific Auto Network-find the test drive reservation entrance on the model details page-click and fill in the information-and complete the reservation process.
4. VIP exclusive reservation: Ask M8VIP customers or members-make an APPointment for test drive through customer service hotline, VIP exclusive app or WeChat applet-and enjoy priority test drive arrangement and exclusive discount.
Below is the detailed information of the M8 dealer’s store in Wenjie. Contact the store immediately, enjoy their professional services and start your experience journey!
The first one: HarmonyOS Zhixing Hefei Experience Center, located at No.19 Changchun Street, Baohe District, Hefei City, Anhui Province. Their store contact number is.
The second store: HarmonyOS Zhixing Hefei Store, located in Room 1, Building 2, North of Chang ‘an Automobile City, northwest corner of Changjiang West Road and Changning Avenue, Shushan District, Hefei City, Anhui Province. Their store telephone number is.

Boundary M8 appearance

When M8 meets the colorful world, it collides with six gorgeous possibilities. Xiaguang, gilded black, Milky Way, warm cloud white, interstellar blue and Mu Ye blue make you stand out from the traffic and show your unique charm.

1. Make an appointment for a test drive with the 4S store in advance, confirm that the test drive is in the store, communicate the route and duration, and ensure the smooth test drive.
2. Ask the staff about the mileage, maintenance and fault maintenance records of the test drive, and judge the state of the vehicle.
3. Experience the steering accuracy, steering wheel weight and righting strength of the vehicle by turning and turning around.
4. If conditions permit, select sections with slopes, potholes and bends to test the passability, suspension and handling stability of vehicles under special road conditions.
5, comparative analysis of a variety of test drive models, combined with cost performance and budget to make decisions, you can also consult professionals.

1. You need to bring your original driver’s license and ID card for the test drive. Please be sure to bring all relevant documents after the appointment is successful.
2. If there are children accompanying you, some brands have child care areas, but you need to make an appointment with the dealer in advance.
3. Inform the name, contact information, intended model, configuration and color preference when making an appointment, so that the dealer can prepare to test drive the vehicle.

Look! This guide will help you make an appointment for M8 test drive and start a wonderful test drive!

FAW Toyota has sold 139,800 sharp-release twin engines, with ultra-low fuel consumption and higher practicability.

Since the beginning of this year, Toyota’s products have been updated to the fifth-generation intelligent electric hybrid dual-engine system in order to better cope with the mixed market of involution. At the same time, the new cars launched this year have also been upgraded for intelligent driving, intelligent interconnection and intelligent cockpit.

On August 6th, FAW-Toyota Corolla sharp-release intelligent electric hybrid twin engine also strengthened its strength in these aspects, and its official guide price was 139,800-184,800 yuan. This is the first time that Corolla Ruifang has launched a hybrid version, which will be more competitive than joint venture rivals such as exploring songs and hackers.

The strength of sharp-release dual-engine products has been comprehensively improved.

Corolla sharp-release twin-engine is equipped with the fifth generation intelligent electric hybrid twin-engine system, which consists of a 2.0L naturally aspirated engine, an electric motor and an E-CVT continuously variable gearbox. In the first half of this year, this system has been applied to various models of Toyota. It has been fully optimized in terms of motor, battery and electronic control, and has strengthened its electric drive. It has been completely optimized in terms of acceleration performance, ride comfort and fuel economy.

For example, the fuel consumption per 100 kilometers of Ruifang intelligent electric hybrid twin engine is 4.56L, which is greatly improved compared with the fuel version, and this has become its biggest highlight. This data is competitive with joint ventures or independent products of the same level. From the earlier test drive experience of the vehicle equipped with Toyota’s fifth-generation intelligent electric hybrid dual-engine system, it can be clearly felt that the vehicle’s ride comfort is better and the power output is stronger under the conditions of reducing the weight and volume of the battery and increasing the output power of the high-speed motor. This is because there are more opportunities for the motor to intervene in the high-speed environment, which is also the key reason for improving the fuel economy of the vehicle.

In addition, the sharp-release intelligent electric hybrid dual-engine comes standard with T-Pilot intelligent driving assistance system, Toyota Connect intelligent interconnection and Toyota Space intelligent cockpit, which optimizes some original functions and adds more functions, and comes standard with the whole system, realizing intelligent equal rights and comprehensively improving intelligent strength. For example, in terms of active safety function, the sharp-release intelligent electric hybrid dual-engine can identify vehicles and pedestrians in the visual blind area in advance, and can also assist in braking or even avoid when a collision accident is about to occur.

Ruifang, which was born in the name of Corolla, has the characteristics of comfort, practicality, safety and high quality. In the entry-level joint venture compact SUV market, it is a powerful player, and it is common for the monthly sales to break through 10,000. After the dual-engine model is added, the audience of Sharp will be wider, thus further promoting sales. The SUV with the positioning and price close to that of Sharp Power Smart Electric Hybrid Twin Engine, as well as BYD Song PLUS DM-i and Geely Yinhe L7 in independent brands, the latter are all hot spots in the market, and the voice of independent hybrid is very high at present, so the challenges that Sharp Power Smart Electric Hybrid Twin Engine will face are not small.

All star models challenge five major projects

In this listing conference, FAW Toyota also brought test drive experience activities for its various models. The 2023 Asian Dragon, New Corolla, New RAV4 Rongfang, Smart Electric Hybrid Twin-Engine Crown Lu Fang and Sharp Electric Hybrid Twin-Engine have passed the five challenges, namely, Rapids, Voices of the Future, Braves, Roller Coasters and Space Exploration.

Among them, the 2023 Asian Dragon carried out the challenge of "Rapids", and put a water cup on the roof. Under the linear acceleration, only a few water in the water cup overflowed, and the acceleration stability and body support were sufficient, which was due to its low center of gravity and other characteristics.

The new Corolla, the new RAV4 Rongfang and the sharp-release intelligent electric hybrid twin engines participated in the "Voice of the Future" challenge. After waking up the car system once, they can say all the instructions for controlling air conditioning, windows, music, navigation, etc. in one breath, because these models all support the function of 30-second continuous voice dialogue.

In addition, the new Corolla also participated in the "Brave" challenge project, which responded quickly when identifying obstacles and dummies on the road, and was able to assist users in braking and avoid collision accidents to the greatest extent.

It is worth mentioning that the intelligent hybrid electric twin-engine version of Crown Lu Fang, in the "roller coaster" challenge project simulating cross-country cross-axis sections, has shown excellent driving and control strength under the configuration of E-Four electronic four-wheel drive system and TRAIL one-button escape mode.

MPV Gravia has also ushered in its "space exploration" challenge. For such a big car, parking is a big problem, but fortunately, Gravia is equipped with PVM panoramic monitoring system, PKSB parking auxiliary braking system and other configurations, which can be easily put into storage.

Driven by these models with outstanding product strength, FAW Toyota sold 373,195 vehicles in the first half of this year, up 6% year-on-year. Among them, the cumulative sales volume of Ruifang was 54,039 vehicles, a year-on-year increase of 140%.

Write it at the end

In the first half of the year, FAW Toyota sold 99,895 smart electric hybrid twin-engine vehicles, up 6.3% year-on-year, accounting for 26.8%. At the same time, the proportion of mid-to-high-class vehicles under TNGA-K platform, represented by Asian Dragon, Graveyard and Crown Lu Fang, increased to 46%. These two sets of data show that FAW Toyota is accelerating electrification, embracing new changes, and steadily promoting high-quality development. The launch of sharp-release twin engines is also an important embodiment of FAW Toyota’s new and upward development. (Text | ｜DAN)