标签： 上海花千坊爱上海

Is it wrong for pets to hurt their owners？ Different circumstances and different responsibilities.

　　In recent years, more and more families keep pets. Due to the characteristics of pet dogs, it is necessary to go out for a walk, which leads to more and more disputes over compensation for animal tort damage. What kind of responsibilities do pet owners have to bear for pet injuries in different situations? How to deal with some special situations of "pets don’t hurt people, but people are hurt by pets"? Below, we will analyze and interpret these related legal issues.

　　1. There are many situations in which pets hurt people, for example, they are not leashed, and pet dogs are prohibited. What responsibilities should pet owners bear respectively?

　　Case 1:

　　On the afternoon of September 12th, grandma took her grandson to play in the artificial lake in Gardening Mountain, Mianyang, Sichuan. Suddenly, a dog broke free from the leash and rushed over 10 meters away. Before grandma could pick up her grandson, the dog threw the child to the ground and began to bite. The woman holding the dog rushed to deal with it at the first time, but the dog never let go until the child’s grandfather arrived and pried the dog’s mouth open with a steel pipe.

　　According to family members, the biting dog is a Rottweiler, which belongs to a fierce dog. The woman holding the dog belongs to a pet shop, and the dog owner then rushed to the hospital, expressing his full cooperation with the treatment. At present, the police are investigating and handling it.

　　Media reporters found that in May, 2022, there were 29 kinds (categories) of prohibited dog directories in Mianyang Key Management Areas (Draft for Comment), and Rottweilers were among them.

　　On June 15, 2022, the Regulations on Dog Breeding Management in Mianyang City passed the examination and approval of the 35th meeting of the Standing Committee of the 13th Provincial People’s Congress, and will be officially implemented on December 1, 2022.

　　Lawyer’s law popularization:

　　The principle of no-fault liability is generally applied in the Civil Code in cases where pets injure human beings. If it can be proved that the damage was caused by the intentional or gross negligence of the infringed, the liability may not be assumed or mitigated.

　　At this time, how to determine the responsibility should be considered from the subjective fault of the breeder and whether the dogs are in compliance with local mandatory regulations. Articles 1246 and 1247 of the Civil Code have made different provisions on animal wounding and dangerous animal wounding, respectively. For the definition of dangerous animals, Article 1247 only stipulates "dogs that are forbidden to be kept", and it is still necessary to determine which dogs are prohibited to be kept through specific local management regulations.

　　The Rottweiler involved in this case belongs to the local dog-keeping ban, but this provision has not been implemented at the time of the case, so it cannot be applied to determine the tort liability, but this does not mean that the breeder can escape the tort liability. In Article 1246 of the Civil Code, the breeder is required to take safety measures for raising animals. The safety measures required here should be considered in combination with the size of the dog, the possibility of injury and other aspects.

　　In this case, it can be seen that compared with small dogs, large dogs are more difficult to control when injuries occur, and simple leashes are not enough to avoid the possibility of injuries, so breeders should have higher duty of care. Simple leashes can no longer prevent dogs from hurting people, and more comprehensive ways should be adopted, such as putting a condom on the dog’s mouth. Therefore, in this case, the leashing behavior of breeders cannot be considered as that they have taken safety measures and should bear tort liability.

　　Case 2:

　　At 19 o’clock on September 15, Wang was walking on the road and was hit by a big dog that suddenly jumped out. Immediately, Wang was sent to the hospital for treatment. The diagnosis was a fracture of the sacrum and multiple injuries.

　　At the time of the incident, the local police station received 110 instructions and arrived at the scene to find out that the big dog was raised by He, and at the time of the incident, He’s dog was not on the leash. Wang sued He and demanded compensation for medical expenses, lost time and nutrition expenses totaling more than 30,000 yuan.

　　The court held that Wang was injured by a pet dog raised by He, and He, as the keeper and manager of the pet dog, should bear tort liability according to law.

　　After investigation, He has paid more than 10,000 yuan for the medical expenses advocated by Wang, and has no objection to the transportation expenses, follow-up treatment fees and spiritual comfort funds advocated by Wang. As determined by the court, He should compensate Wang for all losses including lost time and nutrition expenses totaling 16,940 yuan.

　　Lawyer’s law popularization:

　　Article 1246 of the Civil Code stipulates that if no safety measures are taken to raise animals and cause damage to others, only when there is evidence that the damage was intentionally caused by the infringer can the infringer’s responsibility be reduced.

　　In this case, Wang did not have any intention or negligence, and He did not take safety measures such as leashing the dog, which is actually very dangerous. This situation is completely in line with the situation that Article 1246 of the Civil Code did not take safety measures. He should bear tort liability for all the losses caused by Wang.

　　2. If the owner has fulfilled his obligations such as tying the rope and closing the door and window, but there is still an accidental injury, how should he be held accountable?

　　Case 1:

　　Recently, a video of an old man who died after tripping over a dog rope was circulated on the Internet.

　　It is reported that one night, Luo Mou, a girl from Luoshui Village, Shunde, Foshan City, Guangdong Province, took another villager’s dog out to play. When passing through Luoshui Market, the dog broke free from the restraint rope and accidentally tripped over the 88-year-old villager Mai, causing Mai to be injured and died after being sent to the hospital for rescue. According to the local town government, this incident was initially judged to be an accident.

　　Lawyer’s law popularization:

　　For pet injury cases, the fundamental thing is to judge whether the breeder has fulfilled his management obligations. In this case, the injury case caused by the girl taking out the dog kept by others actually belongs to the tort caused by the fault of the third person. At this time, the breeder has fulfilled the management obligation, and the reason for the injury of the infringed person is that the girl took the pet without consent, not that the breeder subjectively failed to fulfill the management obligation. At this time, the infringed person can claim from the third person or the breeder when pursuing the responsibility. If he claims from the breeder, the breeder can still claim compensation from the third person.

　　In terms of ultimate responsibility, although the girl who caused the damage is a person with limited capacity for civil conduct in civil affairs, her guardian should also be liable for compensation.

　　Case 2:

　　An old man walked his dog by the roadside in the morning, but unfortunately he was hit by a cat falling from upstairs and fell into a coma. According to reports, at present, the elderly are discharged from the hospital after more than 20 days of treatment, and their families and cat owners are negotiating compensation.

　　Lawyer analysis:

　　In this case, when the cat falls from the upstairs, we need to look specifically at the cause of the cat’s fall. If there is no man-made parabolic reason, only the cat escapes or accidentally falls, and the keeper has taken safety measures such as sealing the window, then the general principle of the Civil Code for the infringement of keeping animals, that is, the principle of no fault, can be applied. If the infringed person has no intention or gross negligence, the keeper still needs to bear certain tort liability.

　　3. How to deal with "the pet didn’t hurt people, but people were injured by pets"?

　　Case 1:

　　Recently, when riding a battery car through a section near Chen Mou’s home, Zhang was bitten by a dog from Chen Mou, which led to Zhang’s fall and hospitalization. Zhang then filed a lawsuit in court.

　　The court held that because the animals themselves are dangerous, they may cause others to be frightened and have psychological fear and thus induce damage. Therefore, as long as the animals raised cause damage to others, they can constitute the responsibility of keeping animals for damage, and it is not necessarily a prerequisite for keeping animals to bite or scratch others. Defendant Chen Mou, as an animal breeder, chased and bit Zhang by his dog, causing him to fall and get injured. In the case that the defendant had no evidence to prove that Zhang had intentional or gross negligence, the court refused to accept the defendant’s defense opinion, and the defendant Chen Mou assumed all the compensation responsibilities for the plaintiff.

　　Lawyer’s law popularization:

　　In the Civil Code, the principle of tort liability for damage caused by raising animals is no-fault liability. Compared with general tort, this principle has stricter management obligations for infringers. When this principle is applied, it is not mainly based on the fault of the actor, but on the objective existence of the damage result, and the tort liability is determined according to the causal relationship between the danger of the things managed by the actor and the damage result.

　　Because there is a certain danger in raising animals, even if the pet doesn’t hurt people, if there is a causal relationship between the damage result of others and the pet, then the breeder needs to bear the tort liability. However, although this provision is to better safeguard the rights and interests of the infringed, it still considers the fault of the infringed. In the case of intentional or gross negligence of the infringed, the breeder can reduce or even exempt the liability.

　　Case 2:

　　A few days ago, the topic of "a man kicking a dog in Chongqing caused the old man to fall" attracted attention. The video shows that an old man tried to separate the big dog from the puppy in a fight, when the owner of the puppy rushed to kick the big dog, causing the old man holding the big dog to fall to the ground.

　　In this incident, the reason why the puppy struggled with the big dog was that the dog owner let the puppy run around without a leash. In the end, the man involved promised to apologize and provide necessary compensation.

　　Lawyer’s law popularization:

　　The leash for raising animals has been expressly stipulated in various places now, and it has already belonged to the situation stipulated in Article 1246 of the Civil Code without leash. At this time, although the old man’s fall was not directly caused by the dog’s injury, it still had a causal relationship with the dog’s failure to leash, so the man involved should still be liable for compensation. At this time, if there are specific local management rules and regulations on pet leash, the man involved may be subject to administrative punishment.

　　Text/An Xiaoxue (lawyer of Beijing Jingpeng Law Firm)

Chief Connection ｜ Shen Wanhongyuan Zhao Jinhou： The agricultural sector is expected to continue to pick up in the second half of the year.

[Editor’s note]

In the past first half of 2022, macro hotspots at home and abroad were frequent, the A-share market was first suppressed and then promoted, the depth of popular tracks was adjusted, and the market style was drastically switched.

In the second half of 2022, how will the capital market be interpreted? On July 4th, The Paper and Wall Street jointly launched the "Road to Economic Market Rejuvenation"-"Chief Wired" 2022 Mid-term Market Outlook series live broadcast, face to face with well-known chief economists and industry analysts, and looked forward to the macro-economy, market trends and industry configuration in the second half of the year.

This issue is a dialogue with Zhao Jinhou, managing director of Shenwan Hongyuan Research Institute, director of consumer goods research department and chief analyst. Zhao Jinhou has been engaged in the analysis of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery industries and listed companies for 25 years, and is currently one of the most senior industry analysts in China stock market. Not only is he familiar with the development course and trend of agricultural industry in China, but he is also familiar with the actual situation of various sub-industries and the fundamentals of related listed companies. Zhao Jinhou is the first platinum analyst of New Fortune.

The agricultural sector is expected to continue to rebound in the second half of the year.

Zhao Jinhou said that in the first half of this year, the overall performance of the agricultural sector was good. Driven by the two hot spots of rising international food prices and the pig cycle, the market was good.

"In the second half of the year, what will be the market of the agricultural sector? It is mainly necessary to pay attention to the factors that support the strength of the agricultural sector in the first half of the year, and whether it will change." Zhao jinhou said.

Zhao Jinhou pointed out that the first is food price, which also needs to distinguish between international food price and domestic food price, because the driving factors and logic behind them are not the same. There are many factors affecting international food prices. Among them, from the perspective of supply and demand, it does not support a large-scale and sustained rise, and it should be said that the probability of falling back is greater.

"Domestic food prices are not entirely determined by supply and demand. China’s grain policy has played a very important role in the long-term trend of domestic grain prices. Generally speaking, although domestic food prices will be affected by international prices to some extent in the short term, there will be periodic fluctuations. But the overall trend is still steady and rising. " Zhao jinhou said.

In terms of pig price, Zhao Jinhou said that there is little logical difference between judging pig price and food price, and it is also determined by supply and demand. However, the pig price has increased the game between slaughter and breeding. Because pigs can be pressed and sold in advance. Generally speaking, after moderate consolidation in the future, pig prices will continue to rise, but the pace of increase is uneven.

"In the second half of the year, as the fundamentals of the industry continue to pick up, the industry as a whole is expected to shift from loss to profit, from less profit to more profit. Next, the main concern of the agricultural sector is the recovery of the industry boom. " Zhao jinhou pointed out.

International food prices are affected by many factors such as supply, demand and currency. In the next step, soybean prices are under pressure and wheat prices are still supported.

In terms of international food prices, Zhao Jinhou pointed out that supply, demand, currency and other three elements together constitute the fluctuation system of international food prices.

"Specifically, the international food price is mainly the price of international trade, and the main factors affecting the supply of major producing countries include geographical conflicts in major producing countries, local weather, export restrictions of exporting countries, and international oil prices. Among them, there are two ways in which international oil prices affect food prices. One is to push up the cost of agricultural materials and fertilizers, and the other is to bring about changes in supply. " Zhao jinhou said.

Zhao Jinhou explained that, for example, with the rise of international oil price, the demand for ethanol fuel will increase, and more corn and sugarcane will be used to produce fuel ethanol, and theoretically the supply as food will decrease.

"In terms of demand, the total consumption as a whole increases with the increase of population. Although the global population is currently increasing moderately, from the perspective of international trade, once the price rises, countries will worry about the guarantee of their future grain imports, and they will increase imports and replenish stocks quickly, which will also affect international food prices in stages. " Zhao jinhou further pointed out.

In terms of currency, Zhao Jinhou said that at present, major international agricultural products have futures prices, loose money markets and inflation expectations, and the support of unfavorable weather will push up the futures prices of agricultural products, including grain futures prices, and fluctuations in the futures market will further affect the spot.

"In general, supply, demand, currency and other factors have comprehensively promoted the rise and fall of international food prices. However, the core foundation is the fluctuation of supply and production. " Zhao jinhou stressed.

Looking back, in terms of varieties, Zhao Jinhou believes that the important influencing factor of soybeans is the reduction of production. The decrease of soybean planting area in the United States in the previous year led to the reduction of production, and last year it was mainly caused by drought in South America. This year, the market generally predicts that the planting area will increase. Therefore, if there is no major natural disaster, the supply of soybeans will increase. Therefore, from the perspective of supply, the price of soybeans should go down from a high level.

"In terms of corn, the overall output will increase. In recent years, corn production has not been reduced, and the price is largely pushed up by the rise in oil prices. " Zhao jinhou said.

With regard to wheat, Zhao Jinhou pointed out that the increase in wheat price was mainly caused by overseas geopolitical conflicts, and the stock could not become an effective supply, which led to a decrease in supply in international trade and pushed up the price. At present, although the stocks of relevant countries are expected to be released to a certain extent, the wheat yield will definitely be reduced in the new planting year. Therefore, the price of wheat is still supported.

Domestic food prices have risen steadily.

Regarding domestic food prices, Zhao Jinhou said that the analytical logic of China’s food prices is different from that of international food prices, because China’s food prices are not completely determined by supply and demand.

"China’s grain policy will play a very important role in the medium and long-term trend of overall domestic grain prices." Zhao jinhou pointed out.

Zhao Jinhou said that China’s grain harvest has been achieved for 18 consecutive years, and last year’s grain output was also very sufficient. From the perspective of supply, there is no shortage of food in China, especially rations. Such as wheat and rice, are absolutely safe and well stocked. Therefore, from the perspective of supply, there is no reason for the sharp rise in domestic food prices.

"However, in fact, since 2004, China’s food prices have gone up all the way. On the one hand, there is a continuous bumper harvest, and on the other hand, food prices are constantly rising. The most important factor in this is the government’s price guidance. " Zhao jinhou said.

Zhao Jinhou pointed out that China is now implementing the minimum purchase price for rations. The so-called minimum purchase price means that countries with relevant prices will open their doors and set the bottom line of market prices, which highlights the state’s attention and support for agriculture, rural areas and farmers. At present, China attaches unprecedented importance to food, especially rations.

"At the same time, due to the rising cost of grain planting in recent years, both the cost of land transfer and the cost of labor have led to a decline in farmers’ grain-growing benefits to some extent. Therefore, in order to ensure the planting area of grain and the enthusiasm of farmers, it is necessary to ensure the reasonable profit of grain planting. In addition to subsidies, it also brings the requirement that food prices must be moderately raised. " Zhao jinhou said.

Therefore, next, Zhao Jinhou judged that although domestic food prices may be affected by international food prices in the short term, there will be periodic fluctuations, but the overall trend is still steady and rising.

"It should be pointed out that because the increase in food, especially rations, will have an impact on the living standards of residents, it is impossible to increase substantially, and the increase must be moderate." Zhao jinhou stressed.

Domestic food prices, especially rations, will be relatively independent.

Regarding the synchronization of domestic food prices and international food prices, Zhao Jinhou said that this aspect involves the issue of food import dependence.

"Therefore, from the perspective of rations, I think that domestic prices and international prices will not be synchronized, and domestic rations prices are relatively independent." Zhao jinhou pointed out.

Zhao Jinhou further pointed out that due to the large domestic soybean import and the dominant position of soybean price in the world, the domestic soybean price may be synchronized with the international price.

The increase in food prices is beneficial to the seed sector to a certain extent, and the competitiveness of seed companies with strong scientific research strength is expected to be further moderately improved.

In terms of food security, Zhao Jinhou emphasized that in essence, the food crisis refers to how many people can afford food.

"From the perspective of population and purchasing power, rising food prices have caused more people to be unable to afford food, and then a food crisis has occurred, resulting in more people needing assistance. Therefore, it is the rise in food prices that aggravated the food crisis, not the food crisis that triggered the rise in food prices. " Zhao jinhou pointed out.

In the next step, food prices are generally rising steadily. Therefore, from the perspective of industrial chain, rising food prices are unfriendly to its downstream, including feed food processing, food manufacturing, breeding, etc., and there are problems of rising costs. Unless the relevant costs can be passed on, its profitability will inevitably be compressed to some extent.

"For the seed industry, an important positive logic is the rise in food prices. Because in the A-share market, there are not many related targets for grain planting, and the seed sector is a natural beneficiary. " Zhao jinhou said.

However, Zhao Jinhou also stressed that the benefits of rising food prices to the seed sector still need to be treated dialectically.

"On the one hand, with the increase in food prices, the enthusiasm for grain planting has increased, and the planting area has increased, which has brought about an increase in the demand for seeds. On the other hand, the main business of seed companies in China belongs to outsourcing, that is, the mode is to contract their own land and give farmers corresponding funds per mu for planting. Therefore, in the rising food prices, farmers will have new requirements for income and more expenses. For seed enterprises, the macro demand has increased, but the cost of self-cultivation will also increase. " Zhao jinhou said.

Zhao Jinhou further pointed out that the current GM policy will have a great impact on the pattern of planting industry, especially on the seed sector, which will bring about major changes in the industry.

"At present, genetically modified seeds are mainly divided into two categories, one is insect-resistant and the other is weed-resistant. Insect resistance can save the cost of pesticides and indirectly increase the yield. Herbicide resistance increases weeding efficiency. " Zhao jinhou said.

Zhao Jinhou said that the progress of science and technology has changed the overall production mode and production mode of planting industry. Therefore, in the process of upgrading and changing the seed industry by transgenic technology, the industry concentration will be inclined to the seed companies with more scientific research strength, and their competitiveness and market share are expected to be further moderately improved.

The increase in pig prices is mainly affected by the supply side, and will continue to rise after the next step of moderate finishing.

In terms of pig price, Zhao Jinhou said that the judgment of the pig price cycle is a hot spot of market concern. The biggest influence factor in the field of pig breeding in recent years is African swine fever.

"From the sporadic appearance in November 2008 to the comprehensive divergence in the first half of 2019, it directly led to the subsequent shortage of pork. Subsequently, the industry began to recover quickly. Evolved to last June, the industry began to go to capacity. " Zhao jinhou said.

Zhao Jinhou pointed out that pig breeding and pig prices can be viewed from a more macro perspective.

"First of all, pig prices are the same as food prices, and supply and demand determine the price. Of course, because pigs can be sold in advance as well as on the fence, there is a game of slaughtering and breeding in the evolution of pig prices. " Zhao jinhou said.

Zhao Jinhou pointed out that generally speaking, the fluctuation of pig price is actually the most sensitive to the fluctuation of supply. Specific to this round of fluctuations, on the one hand, with the nationwide spread of African swine fever in 2019, the entire pig production capacity has decreased sharply. On the other hand, with the increase of pig prices, the state took measures to encourage breeding. By June 2021, the stock of fertile sows reached a high level, and the industry began to reduce production capacity.

At present, the rise of pig price is mainly caused by three factors. First of all, it is the supply side. Last year, the effect of reducing the number of sows began to be transmitted. In January this year, the number of piglets began to decrease. Furthermore, the output of commercial pigs has also dropped to a higher level.

"Secondly, it is the sales side. In the first quarter, the amount of live pigs slaughtered was still very high. However, due to the market expectation that the pig price will fall before the Spring Festival, the staged pork supply will be reduced. The superposition of national storage and storage, although not large, further reduces supply. " Zhao jinhou pointed out.

Zhao Jinhou said that in this case, pig breeding enterprises and farmers are optimistic about the short term, and they will be reluctant to sell and press the bar, which will lead to a decrease in supply. Pig price in such a game, there will be a "one price a day."

"Next, whether it is pressing the bar or reluctant to sell, it will always be sold. In the future, as the weather turns cold, the increase in consumption will stimulate the demand for pork, and it will take time for the slaughter to pick up. Therefore, after the current pig price rises ahead of schedule, there may be moderate consolidation in the future. But after finishing, the price will continue to rise upwards. At the same time, under the influence of pressure and reluctance to sell, the rhythm of lifting will be uneven. " Zhao jinhou judged.

Active de-capacity is coming to an end.

In terms of de-capacity, Zhao Jinhou said that the de-capacity logic of the pig breeding sector in May was somewhat lower than expected, mainly due to two factors.

"On the one hand, it is because the investment and financing amount of pig breeding is very large, and the digitalization and intelligence of modern pig farms are very high. The production capacity in this area can not be withdrawn casually like free-range farming. Therefore, these capacity increases will be at least until the end of this year. " Zhao jinhou said.

On the other hand, Zhao Jinhou pointed out that in 2020, domestic imported breeding pigs hit a record high and were put into production. Therefore, from the protection level of piglets, the production capacity is also upgrading.

"After May of this year, the number of fertile sows has no longer declined. It can be said that the initiative of enterprises to go to production capacity is coming to an end." Zhao jinhou said.

The recovery of pig price and the improvement of profit are certain expectations, and the fluctuation range of pig price will be appropriately smooth in the future.

In terms of investment in the pig breeding sector, Zhao Jinhou believes that in the future, it will not be possible to make relevant investments completely according to the logic of the cycle.

"At present, many pig breeding enterprises are doing an extension of the industrial chain, and the terminal is a food company. Therefore, there will be no great isolation in the industrial chain, and the game between them will be less. " Zhao jinhou pointed out.

Zhao Jinhou further pointed out that with the rise of some large pig breeding enterprises, it will be more and more difficult for new companies to enter the leading echelon in the context of increasing industrial capital and technology intensity.

"Therefore, in this round of capitalization and scale-up, after the leap-forward development of pig breeding, the future industry concentration will be further enhanced, and the fluctuation range of pig prices will be appropriately smooth." Zhao jinhou said.

Generally speaking, it is a certain expectation that the pig price in the pig breeding sector will continue to rise and the profit will improve. For the pig breeding sector in 2022, it is optimistic as a whole.

The pet food track has a good prospect but fierce competition, and chicken and eel farming are expected to recover.

In terms of investment, Zhao Jinhou said that this year marks the 30th anniversary of the establishment of Shenwan Hongyuan Research Institute. Thanks to the profound research skills, brand advantages and long-term mutual trust with customers accumulated over the years, it has a securities research service team of over 300 people, covering 900 listed companies at home and abroad.

"In many research fields, Shenwan Hongyuan Research Institute has built a full-cycle talent training system, including a full range of talent development outlines, a comprehensive training curriculum framework, phased training projects, teaching systems, supporting talent development guarantee systems and competition mechanisms, which have consolidated the foundation of team sustainable development and trained many investment and research professionals for the industry." Zhao jinhou said.

As far as the subdivision of agriculture is concerned, Zhao Jinhou pointed out that it is undeniable that pet food has been a good track in the past two years, with huge consumption and market space, but the competition is also fierce.

"At present, there is no absolute leader in the pet food industry. In the future, the industrial foundation is relatively good, and the competitive advantages of related enterprises that have been supported by overseas export business are expected to be further highlighted. The marketing brand built entirely by capital, if there is no follow-up financial support, will have a high probability of clearing out. " Zhao jinhou said.

At the same time, Zhao Jinhou pointed out that chicken prices are expected to recover after a long period of downturn. At the same time, eel farming is also worthy of attention.

"In addition, the promotion of genetically modified seeds and the research and development of new African swine fever vaccines in animal vaccines, which will have major changes in the industry, also contain certain investment opportunities."

Zhao Jinhou (qualification number: A0230511040007) Main viewpoints are based on the report: Focus: Price Rising Drives Performance Growth-Mid-term Investment Strategy of Agriculture, Forestry, Animal Husbandry and Fishery Industry in 2022, June 30, 2022.

Observe the advanced biofuel industry and accelerate the formation of new quality productivity

Advanced biofuel industry accelerates the formation of new quality productivity.

China Energy News Network reporter Su Wei　

　　"With great development opportunities, China’s advanced biofuel industry has great development potential and will remain in short supply." At the 5th Global Summit Forum on Biomass Energy Innovation and Development, Zhang Dayong, Deputy Secretary-General of China Industrial Development Promotion Association and Secretary-General of Biomass Energy Industry Branch, expressed optimism about the development prospect of China’s advanced biofuel industry. "By 2030, the output of advanced biofuels in China will reach 23.98 million tons of standard coal, and the demand will reach 27.46 million tons of standard coal, gradually forming new quality productivity."

　　Advanced biofuels refer to gas or liquid fuels produced by physical, chemical, biological and other technical means with biomass resources as raw materials, mainly including bio-natural gas, bio-fuel ethanol, bio-diesel, renewable methanol and sustainable aviation fuel, etc., which have the characteristics of green and low carbon and are widely used in the fields of automobiles, ocean-going ships and aviation.

　　At present, with many advantages such as green, low carbon and renewable, and the large-scale promotion in the international scope, China’s advanced biofuel industry is accelerating the formation of new quality productivity.

　　The scale development of bio-natural gas has accelerated.Biofuel ethanol production has increased substantially.

　　Bio-natural gas industry is an advanced bio-fuel industry that achieved large-scale development earlier in China.

　　20th CenturyIn 1970s, China’s biogas production technology and process gradually matured, which laid a good foundation for the development of biogas industrialization. From 2015 to 2017, China used a total of 2.6 billion yuan of financial funds to support the construction of 64 large-scale biogas projects. On average, the financial support of a single project accounted for about 30% of the total project investment, which provided a good support for industrial development.

　　In 2019, the National Development and Reform Commission and other 10 departments jointly issued "Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Industrialization of Biogas", proposing the development goal of biogas production exceeding 20 billion cubic meters by 2030, requiring strengthening the connection between biogas development and national planning, and preparing the development plans of provincial, prefecture-level or county-level key enterprises, proposing to speed up the commercialization development and construction of biogas industrialization, establish and improve the biogas industrial system, and clarifying a series of safeguard measures.

　　《National strategic plans such as "the 14th Five-Year Plan for Renewable Energy Development" and "the 14th Five-Year Plan for Bio-economy Development" have also put forward key action areas for accelerating the development of bio-natural gas, including establishing an industrial system with counties as units, actively carrying out demonstration of bio-natural gas, making overall plans to build bio-natural gas projects with an annual output of 10 million cubic meters, forming diversified application modes, and accelerating the research and development of key technologies and equipment manufacturing.

　　The maturity of technology and the support of policies have cleared the way for the healthy development of bio-natural gas industry. At present, a number of enterprises, such as China Resources Group, China Guangdong Nuclear Power Corporation, China Power Construction Corporation, CSIC, China Energy Conservation Corporation and Huaxin Gas Corporation, have accumulated rich experience in the construction and operation management of large-scale biogas projects, and Jiangsu Huai ‘an Project of Guoneng Zhongdian Energy Group Co., Ltd. has been selected.China Theme Presentation of the 2022 United Nations Climate Conference. Chu Yan, president of Guoneng Zhongdian Energy Group Co., Ltd., introduced that the project integrated various biomass fermentation technologies from 2014 to 2016, with an annual output of 10 million cubic meters of biogas.

　　According to the incomplete statistics of the Biomass Energy Industry Branch of China Industrial Development Promotion Association, as ofBy the end of 2023, China had more than 200 large-scale bio-natural gas projects with a design capacity of about 880 million cubic meters./year,In 2023, the output of bio-natural gas is about 420 million cubic meters. The capacity and output of bio-natural gas have reached a certain scale, forming a new quality productivity. Zhang Dayong said that by 2030, China’s bio-natural gas production is expected to reach 3 billion cubic meters, and the demand will reach 10 billion cubic meters, which will presentsupply falls short of demandThe trend.

　　China’s biofuel ethanol industry began in the 20th century.In the 1990s, it began to enter the stage of large-scale development after 2000.exist"Don’t compete with people for food, and don’t compete with food for land."ofprerequisiteNext,Our country beganPopularize and usebiologyFuel ethanolAnd ethanol gasoline for vehicles..now,Ethanol gasoline runs in closed operation area.Overall stable and orderly. At the same time, eachbigFuel ethanol enterprises beginpositivetowardswithNongrainforproduction of raw materialsfuelethanoldirectiontransform.

　　Under various incentives, China’s biofuel ethanol production capacity has reached.5 million tons/yearAbove, quickly form a new quality of productivity.Biofuel ethanol production in 2022appointmentfor300Ten thousand tons.In 2023, thanks to the rise in oil prices, the enthusiasm of production enterprises was high.Biofuel ethanol productionsteady stepsGrowth,produceamountappointmentthreefour0Ten thousand tons.

　　Biodiesel, renewable methanol and sustainable aviation fuel usher in development opportunities.

　　Compared with the development of bio-natural gas and bio-fuel ethanol industry, the scale development of bio-diesel, renewable methanol and sustainable aviation fuel in China is a little backward, but due to its realizationThe great potential in the process of "double carbon" goal, coupled with the growing demand in the international market, ushered in new development opportunities.

　　In February, 2011, China officially implemented the standard of Biodiesel Blended Fuel (B5), which required the addition standard of biodiesel to be 1-5%, which stimulated the development of biodiesel industry..In April 2024, the National Energy Administration issued the Notice on Publicity of Biodiesel Promotion and Application Pilot, which supported in principle.Haidian District, Beijing,Dezhou City, Shandong Province and other units carried out pilot work on the popularization and application of biodiesel. The landing of the application promotion pilot,Yeah, open up the countryThe market demand space is positive.Function,Biodiesel industry ushered in a turn for the better.

　　In the renewable methanol industry, in the past two years,Under the background of "double carbon" target, the industry has been sought after more, and some forward-looking enterprises have begun to lay out gradually. By 2024fourMonths,Domestic built renewable methanol production capacity50,000 tons/year, filing, planning and under constructionNumber of projectsreachdozens ofA,Overcapacityone000Ten thousand tons/year.

　　In terms of sustainable aviation fuel,Before 2021, China was dominated by some pilot projects. In 2022, the sustainable aviation fuel industry developed rapidly, led by Zhenhai Refining and Chemical Company of China Petrochemical Co., Ltd. and followed by Yigao Environmental Protection Investment Co., Ltd. At present, the total capacity of sustainable aviation fuel operation and planning is about.twentyTen thousand tons/year.

　　According to the statistics of Biomass Energy Industry Branch of China Industry Development Promotion Association,In 2022, China produced 2 million tons of biodiesel and exported 1.8 million tons, of which more than 80% were exported to EU countries, and it has become the second largest importer of biodiesel in Europe, second only to Argentina. In 2023, Chinaproducebiodiesel2.2 million tons, export 1.95 million tons.

　　In view of the fact that biodiesel and sustainable aviation fuel produced in China are mainly exported, Liu Qiyu, a senior consultant in the transportation department of Rocky Mountain Research Institute, believes that how to connect with the carbon emission mechanism of consumers such as the European Union and realize the environmental rights and interests of producers is the key to accelerate the formation of new quality productivity.

Editor in Charge: Xuan Yu

Mercedes-Benz GLE Shanghai hot promotion! Lowest offer 487,800! Only this time

In [Easy Car Shanghai Local Auto Market Discount Promotion Channel], we have sorted out the ongoing
Promotions. As a much-talked-about model, the Mercedes-Benz GLE is currently offering amazing discounts. The highest discount can even reach 212,000. The minimum starting price is only 487,800. You can get a larger discount by clicking the "Inquire" button in the quotation form. If you are looking for a practical and affordable model, you may wish to find out about the discounts of the Mercedes-Benz GLE.

First of all, from the appearance point of view, the Mercedes-Benz GLE front shape is relatively tough, using a three-frame net, which looks very sporty. Coupled with the fashionable and generous headlights, the design is relatively sharp. The car is equipped with LED daytime running lights, headlights height adjustment, automatic opening and closing, adaptive far and near light, automatic steering, delayed closing, etc. To the side of the body, the body size of the car is 4927MM*2018MM*1782MM, the car adopts round and lovely lines, the side circumference looks very avant-garde, with large-sized thick-walled tires, smooth lines run through the entire side of the car. Looking back, the rear of the car looks more individual, the tail lights are very fashionable and atmospheric, and the exhaust pipe with unique shape is very cool.

In the Mercedes-Benz GLE, the interior of the Mercedes-Benz GLE looks very avant-garde and reflects the sense of design. The overall shape of the car’s three-spoke steering wheel is very good, and it is made of genuine leather, giving people a good grip experience. Take a look at the central control, the car is equipped with a capable touch LCD central control screen, which makes the interior design quite layered and calm. The dashboard and seats also feel good. Let’s take a look. The dashboard design is remarkable, and the design is relatively cold. The car uses imitation leather seats, which are wide and thick, and are very comfortable to ride.

The overall space performance of the Mercedes-Benz GLE is indeed very good, both the ride and the storage space are very spacious and comfortable. At the same time, the power of the car is also very strong, accelerating rapidly, giving the driver the ultimate driving experience. In addition, the appearance design of the Mercedes-Benz GLE is also very attractive, with smooth and elegant lines, which leaves a deep impression. Overall, the Mercedes-Benz GLE is a luxury SUV with high cost performance, which is worth buying and owning by consumers.