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Special feature of 1905 film network With the release of, the slogan of "recognizing frames and watching movies" three years ago was shouted again.

According to the number of frames, there are three categories of this film in China: 24 frames, 60 frames and 120 frames. The 120-frame version is divided into two versions: Dolby Cinema which can play 2K definition and CINITY Cinema which can play 4K definition.

Both the cinema and the audience are expecting the performance of this film. But the day after its release, Ang Lee’s new film dropped from the single-day box office champion to the third place. The proportion of film arrangement on Monday also fell below 20%.

Someone has calculated an account for this action film with an investment of $140 million: judging from the current global box office revenue, Gemini Man may eventually lose $75 million. Among them, the estimated 200 million RMB box office in China has been regarded as the support of domestic audiences and cinemas for "An Shu" to make movies with heart.

On the second day of its release, Gemini Man fell from the single-day box office champion to the third place.

At present, there are 30 CINITY cinemas in China that can show 120 frames, 4K and 3D versions of Gemini Man. Three years ago, there were only one cinema in Shanghai and one in Beijing that could show the highest standard version, and the screening equipment was dismantled after the film went offline and was not used for long-term cinemas.　

Before "Gemini Man" this year, CINITY version has been produced, and it enjoys a separate ranking number, which ranks alongside IMAX and China Giant Screen.

More and more subdivided screening types and different cinema formats have made the screening market blossom, and the construction of cinemas is quite hot. Among many new cinemas, IMAX Hall and Dolby Cinema have become standard. So is it possible for Gemini Man to be regarded as a tipping point, so that the emergence of new cinemas will become a breakthrough in the next round of cinema upgrading and screen number growth?

"Twenty years ago, when I first entered the business, we only had 1,800 effective screens. The annual box office of China movies is less than 900 million, and most cinemas are closed. " Yu Dong, president of Bona Film, who started from distribution, said that the development of China films in the past 20 years could not be separated from the hard work of the whole industry of production, distribution and projection.

He believes that in today’s era, there must be a new format to invite the audience back to the cinema from the hands of short videos: "At this time, we are facing the impact of the small screen era and the challenges brought by massive videos. If the cinema does not strengthen its theater effect, we will be overwhelmed by these massive short video small screens."

In fact, the last round of "self-help action" in cinemas happened to be 10 years ago. The release of "IMAX3D" has made 3D movies extremely popular, and people have entered theaters one after another. It is even harder to get a ticket for this visual blockbuster version of IMAX 3D. A cinema investor recalled that in 2007, there were only 82 3D screens in China, and in August 2009, the number increased to 330, which was surprising: "At the end of 2009, there were more than 600 3D screens in China, while there were only more than 1,000 3D screens in Asia at that time, and China accounted for more than half."　

It is understood that the ordinary screen plays 3D movies because the brightness is not enough, so it is necessary to increase the power of the projection lamp, but it is easy to cause the xenon lamp to be damaged due to too high load. Therefore, when showing 3D movies, cinemas often choose metal screens with brightness coefficient above 2.0. Many screens in those days were not metal screens, so it is urgent to upgrade if you want to show 3D movies.

With the popularity of Avatar, many studios have been upgraded. Some insiders recalled the impact of Avatar screening on the domestic screening industry: the screening equipment in first-tier cities has already led the market. The popularity of Avatar, the box office profit created by the 3D version, and the first domestic 3D martial arts film of Avatar, these three reasons made the second and third tier cities with slightly backward hardware conditions complete the hardware upgrade of cinemas.　

After that, China also entered a period of rapid growth in the number of screens. By 2018, the number of screens in China has reached 60,000, of which more than 50,000 can show 3D movies. It can be said that the chain reaction triggered by a film has accelerated the upgrading and development of the whole industry several times.

"Billy Lynn’s Long Halftime Walk" promotes cinema upgrade.

　

Since the screening of Billy Lynn’s Long Halftime Walk, we seem to have seen a new round of cinema upgrade. In 2016, when this 120-frame, 4K and 3D film was shown in the Mainland, although the highest version only had two screens to show, there were about 20,000 screens that could show the 60-frame version. According to a user on the Q&A platform, the current projection equipment can show 60-frame versions, but many cinemas can only show 24-frame versions because of the old servers instead of projection equipment.

Companies in the field of film projectors and other equipment production also introduced on the Q&A platform: the main requirement for high-format projection is the processing power of the server. At present, mainstream media servers in the digital film industry can support 4K resolution and high frame rate of 120fps, but these two indicators cannot be met at the same time.

Recalling the release and screening of Billy Lynn’s Long Halftime Walk in China, Yu Dong said: "We made a box office of 170 million. Many cinemas have been upgraded, and all the cinemas that can show up to 60 frames have been fully upgraded in that round. " However, he believes that it is difficult to establish a huge screening system with the help of one company.　

This time, the lead is the Chinese film with 120 frames, 4K and 3D platforms, and behind it is the strength of 19 enterprises and institutions. In addition to several major film groups and studios, Huaxia Film’s shareholders also include several major domestic cinema companies such as New Film Association, Lianhe Cinema and Pacific Cinema. Therefore, when Gemini Man was released, it was supported by three cinemas, namely Jinyi, Bona and Wanda. There were 30 screens in China, which could show the highest standard.

Ang Lee and Fu Ruoqing (first from right) appeared in the post-screening activities of Gemini Man.

Fu Ruoqing, chairman of Huaxia Film, said that due to equipment supply problems, 100 screens could not be rolled out as scheduled before the release of Gemini Man, but the cinema has placed an order for 100 CINITY cinemas. He said: "When Gemini Man was released on the 18th this year, CINITY had about 30 screens in 18 cities that could be released on the 18th as scheduled. By the end of October, there will be nearly 50 screens and 100 screens by the end of the year."　

So from the current point of view, in the three years from Billy Lynn to Gemini Man, the studios in China have been upgraded on the digital server. But at present, a CINITY cinema system has reached 5.5 million. For cinemas, the funds are huge. Fu Ruoqing believes that digital projection is a normal digital product in about five to six years. He has a favorable attitude towards the film investment company, the cinema and the film management company to continue to upgrade their projection equipment.

However, the fares of Gemini Man CINITY Cinema, Beijing and Shanghai have reached about 200 yuan; The fare in Hangzhou is higher than that in 100 yuan; Fuzhou even has a special ticket from 50 yuan. For first-tier cities, high-format movies still have high ticket prices.

In this regard, Fu Ruoqing also said that CINITY’s early development costs a lot, and hopes that it will drive down the overall cost in the future: "We also hope that the cost of shooting it by more people will drop, and the overall shooting quality will rise. Therefore, it is also a key thing to improve the overall quality of China’s film industry. I think it should be a very good thing. " It is understood that director Chen Kexin is shooting at a high frame rate.

"China Women’s Volleyball Team" was shot in high frame rate format.

From this point of view, compared with the upsurge of cinema upgrading and construction driven by Avatar, the high screening cost of 120 frames, 4K and 3D cannot be the motivation for the new round of renovation and upgrading of cinemas. But it has a far-reaching impact on the upgrading of screening quality. At the moment when the home entertainment system is constantly upgrading, cinemas really need to develop more top-level audio-visual experiences in order to attract the audience to the cinema.

Jolin Tsai launches new song "Girl in Red" MV

Jolin Tsai shoots "Girl in Red" MV

Small S cross knife performance Jolin Tsai MV

Wang Baijie has a rival play with Jolin Tsai and Xiao S

　　　　　　 Jolin Tsai [Weibo] (Jolin) ‘s new song "The Girl in Red" spent tens of millions of Taiwan dollars to shoot a movie MV with movie specifications, and joined hands with Xiao S (Xu Xidi [Weibo]) and Wang Bojie [Weibo] to challenge the thriller and suspense theme. After debuting for more than 20 years, it was the first time they cooperated. The three of them played on the same stage, and accidentally involved a bizarre blood case. They even invited Cheng Weihao, the director of the movie "The Little Girl in Red" series, to direct. After reading the script, Xiao S readily agreed to the invitation, humorously saying: "In fact, I was a little worried that I would not be able to mess up the MV. After carefully reading the script, I found that it was written for me, because I found that I kissed the male lead in one scene, and I told the agent that I

　　Jolin and Xiao S, who cooperated on the screen for the first time, were full of sparks, and the backstage was even more joyous. When Xiao S was in the play, he deliberately asked Jolin: "I have a kissing scene, won’t you envy it?" Jolin shook his head and said no, making Xiao S pretend to be angry and said to Jolin: "That’s because you’re not married! I’ve been married for 12 years, as long as it’s not my husband’s kissing scene, I can take it!" Interestingly, after the performance was completed, Xiao S couldn’t help but ask Jolin why he wanted to find her to act in the movie MV, but Jolin blurted out: "Because the body shape is very suitable!" Let Xiao S couldn’t help but roll his eyes and twitch his mouth and say: "I thought she would say that I am the most suitable person, but I didn’t expect her to say that after she finished this sentence… full stop! Make me dumbfounded on the spot. "

　　Wang Bojie had previously collaborated with Jolin in advertising, and Jolin said in particular: "Bojie’s investment in acting allows people who play opposite him to be inspired to act, which is great! Thank you for adding a handsome color to the movie MV." Wang Bojie, who kissed Xiao S unemotionally in the movie MV, also received Xiao S certification for his "kissing skills". After twice KO this key kissing scene on the set, he made Xiao S jokingly and angrily say: "How did you finish filming so quickly! Can you do it again?" Wang Bojie, who had an intimate scene with the two divas for the first time, admitted that he was very nervous during the filming. He said: "I was really honored when I received the invitation, but on the one hand, I was also afraid of being scolded by netizens. Why can I act with the two divas?"

　　The movie MV invited director Cheng Weihao to direct. After listening to the song, he already had the idea of the script, using the main concept color "red" as an embellishment, bringing out the wedding scene in the space-time background of the overhead characters, interspersed with fashion and Japanese elements, but mixed with a lot of black, white and gray tones, which looked like a funeral wedding, which was chilling.

COVER STORY | Cover Story

The most intense and uncomfortable scene in Ruan Jingtian’s heart in "Removing the Three Evils in the Week" was actually when Xiaomei went to prison to shave Chen Guilin. It was one of the few warm moments in Chen Guilin’s life, and it was also the moment when he cried most sincerely. In his heart, just like in Ruan Jingtian’s heart, pain and sadness are not worth crying. What can really penetrate the barrier of the soul and shake the foundation of reason is the beauty in life. The beauty he has experienced has impacted Ruan Jingtian, reshaped him, and healed him. From "The First Brother of the Idol Drama" to being nominated for the Best Actor again, he has been struggling silently for more than ten years. He has never been in a hurry for quick success, nor has he given up halfway. He has just patiently cultivated his mind with daily life and characters, observing its natural growth until he is seen by everyone again.

At the 60th Golden Horse Awards, before the Best Actor award, the host Huang Lu Ziyin walked to Ruan Jingtian and opened a "wanted notice" saying that if he wanted to be famous in history today, he would have to "spend double the effort." The wanted notice showed five candidates for best actor, and Ruan Jingtian was at the bottom. He had to kill everyone in front of him like in "Three Evils in a Week."

"But you also have to have the confidence," she continued, "because you are the only one among the five candidates who has been on that stage and won that award!" Ruan Jingtian bowed his head and smiled humbly. At the age of 28, he won the Best Actor by beating three mainland seniors with "Monga". Thirteen years later, he became the oldest of all the candidates.

Thirteen years have changed him a lot. He told Esquire that coming back to the Golden Horse Awards was not about competition and excitement, but a sigh of relief. He felt like he was at a family reunion, talking to everyone about what was going on, and seeing so many good people still working hard, and feeling that he was part of it, it made him feel at ease.

In the spring of 2024, "Three Evils in a Week" became the biggest surprise in mainland theaters. The killer Chen Guilin turned himself in to the police station, only to find himself third on the wanted list, and no one recognized him, so he thought of removing the top two on the wanted list and finally making a name for himself. More famous than the violent plot, it is the climax of the plot, accompanied by a melodious ballad "New Creation", where Chen Guilin slaughtered stubborn cultists. The elegant tunes and simple costumes are in sharp contrast to the mind control and bloody scenes. The corresponding film quickly swept through the short video platform, and the audience called it enjoyable. Anyone who has never seen the movie can probably hum a few words "I used to be at a loss" or "It’s almost time."

Ruan Jingtian, who played Chen Guilin, surprised the audience. This bald, unshaven, tough guy in an oversized shoulder-padded suit turned out to be the overbearing president of the enlightenment "Ji Cunxi" in the hearts of girls more than ten years ago. From Ji Cunxi to Chen Guilin, it was Ruan Jingtian’s 16 years of hard work and the accumulation of countless characters in the middle. Those unique and rich life experiences naturally grew on his body and became his meridians and his armor.

Chen Guilin is not an evil or brutal killer. Most of the time, his eyes are confused and naive. He has been cheated many times in the play, cried and repented at the end of his life, and finally discovered the beauty of life that he did not have time to experience during the ups and downs of his emotions. For Ruan Jingtian, "Removing the Three Evils in the Circle" was almost a fateful encounter with him. From the very beginning of reading the script, he found many parts that belonged to his own memories. Although it was not as extreme as in the play, it also touched him deeply.

In the previous ten years, Ruan Jingtian had not had a good time.

In the era of the idol drama fire, he starred in "I’m in Kenting * The weather is fine", "I’m destined to love you", and "The Queen of Lost Dogs", all of which achieved phenomenal success.

The newly established image of a handsome cream boy soon jumped to another stage after "Monga" in 2010. In this gangster film, he played the "monk" He Tianyou, who became the best actor at the 47th Golden Horse Awards. People began to call him "Idol Drama Brother" and regarded him as a new "Best Actor" standard.

Suddenly, he went from a junior, a director who would teach him how to act and carry him forward, to a widely respected senior. Few people dared to guide him, and criticism turned to praise and praise. He had to give his best to each film, and his identity demanded that of him.

But the road ahead was not smooth. The response to "Blood Drop", "Detective Runaway" and "Murder Like Water" was not as good as expected. The famous director and the big cast did not bring the planned "success". Some of the events that happened during this time left Ruan Jingtian in a painful state of mind. He was confused, self-doubting, and lived a lonely life: celebrating birthdays alone, hiding at parties, and often losing phone contact.

"Success" is a strange word for Ethan. He said of himself that every role he has taken on over the years, whether successful or not in the eyes of the audience, is equally important to him to do his best. He said:

Doing it well is not in line with the director’s expectations, not in line with the audience’s expectations, but in line with my expectations for this role and my expectations for myself. "

His expectations for himself are not specific or deliberate, and do not involve any performance skills or delicate designs. His expectations, or his method, is to become a character. Thinking as a character, acting as a character, even without any special design, can make the audience receive strong and complex emotions through the screen. For Ruan Jingtian, he enters work with a pure state of mind, and the first and most crucial step in his process of becoming a character is "believe".

For Ruan Jingtian and Chen Guilin, this seems to be similar – "believe" comes before "understand". Chen Guilin in the play believes many times: believe in Guiqing, believe in Guan Shengdi, believe in Xiaomei, believe in Lin Luhe ("Venerable One"), believe in law and order. Chen Guilin is the pig who represents "ignorance" and is always deceived. But he can always reflect and grow little by little until he really finds something meaningful to him.

And Ethan’s "belief" came earlier than in the play. He started by believing in shoulder-padded suits, and in the temperature, wind, and light of the set. From these environments, Ethan began to look for signs of Chen Guilin’s true existence. The director Huang Jingfu communicated with him in a very special way. He gave Chen Guilin’s costume to Ethan two months before filming, so that he could experience what it was like to be Chen Guilin every day. And from the very beginning of reading the script, he often asked Ethan some open-minded and far-reaching questions: "What kind of person are you? Where are you from? What do you want to do in the future?" He answered not only as Chen Guilin, but also as Ruan Jingtian.

In these questions and answers, Ruan Jingtian felt that the character was like a plant, growing naturally on him.

Chen Guilin’s unbearable emotions also gradually appeared on him. Huang Jingfu reminded him at the beginning, hoping that he would throw away the current tranquility and peace and return to the ups and downs of the most difficult years. Ruan Jingtian’s confusion and pain gradually overlapped with Chen Guilin’s.

Ruan’s history for Chen Guilin is that of a third-generation provincial who grew up in a village where he was close to his grandmother. This is quite close to his own experience. He took on "Paradise in the Army" because his grandparents, like that story, were Taiwan’s first generation of provincial people. Chen Guilin is a romantic person, but he also has many regrets: he made a lot of money, but found that it was not what his grandmother needed, and finally he could only wear the piggy watch bought by his grandmother to express his thoughts. He yearned for brotherhood, but the only thing left in the end was a suit. He yearned to purify his mind, but eventually found that it was just a scam by his enemies.

For Mr. Ruan, Mr. Chen’s life was a gray composite of the people he met. In daily life, in the park and in the hospital, he would often stop to see what the people next to him were doing. The behavior of the elderly in the hospital often hit him deeply. Their eyes gradually changed over the course of several months, and the desire for life became more and more intense, wanting to grasp the last tail of life. In those eyes, he realized an ultimate simplicity.

This innocence is also present in Chen Guilin. His brilliant fight with "Aberdeen" spreads from stairs to rivers, wilderness and greenhouses, and although the pistol is at his waist, Chen Guilin insists on hand-to-hand combat. At the end of the paragraph, "Aberdeen" is defeated and faces trial. The last question asked Chen Guilin is "give me a reason". Chen Guilin taps his severed eyebrow. The shot is romantic, wild and heart-wrenching.

The opposite of this simplicity is the constant emergence of regret. In a comprehensive, gray life, people, time, and geography are constantly changing, and changes are often beyond human control and do not listen to human opinions. After sudden and huge changes, people spend a lot of time digesting them, getting along with them, and finally accepting them either satisfactorily or reluctantly. In the face of regret, people’s actions are always intriguing. Ruan Jingtian asked:

You and I have done some things that will make me regret, but now, in Chen Guilin’s present, even if he knows that he will regret it in a few years, will he regret it now? "

The answer is complicated. Chen Guilin has an urge to fight against fate, and because of this, he devoured the bento and shot "Brother Iron Head" lightly, fled incognito for four years, and began the story of "Removing the Three Harmies in the Circle". Towards the end of the story, Xiaomei shaves Chen Guilin with a blunt electric razor, and he bursts into tears. It was the first time in years that he felt the warmth of the world. At that time, did he feel regret for the course of life and the tricks of fate?

For Ethan, the biggest difference between Chen Guilin and him is that Chen Guilin is a "person without a future." At the end of the film, when Zhang Guiqing visits him and reveals the truth of the story, Ethan feels real sadness. He suddenly realizes that there are so many beautiful things in the world, and he has no chance to experience them again. Compared with loyalty, attachment, regret, and innocence, the regret of losing one’s life is overwhelming, which makes him finally apologize sincerely.

Although the story of "The Three Evils of the Week" is over, Chen Guilin survives as a part of Ruan Jingtian. After filming the movie, Ruan often has a wonderful and fateful feeling. He will send a message to Huang Jingfu, explaining why there are so many coincidences in his life and how it is similar to the script. Those changes are just like what Chen Guilin experienced, which cannot be stopped, and can only be quietly felt and silently participated. During this process, Chen Guilin is like an old friend, continuing to accompany Ruan Jingtian and stand with him.

For Ethan, his amazing growth and transformation has been shaped by the characters who have accompanied him along the way. He loves his work as an actor, and he says he often feels "lucky to have enough time to observe what happens in a character’s life." For better or worse, these very different experiences have become a natural resource for Ethan to nourish himself and grow naturally.

After the movie was completed, Ruan Jingtian was immersed in Chen Guilin’s pain for a long time.

He always tries his best to immerse himself in his characters, so the road to acting is often long.

What really helped him were some friends outside the entertainment industry.

Ruan Jingtian was in a motorcycle group, whose members came from all over the world, from all over the world, and from three religions and nine streams. After the success of "Removal of Three Evils in a Week", friends would occasionally imitate Chen Guilin’s appearance and say to him, "Emperor Guan Sheng gave me nine holy grails" or "It’s about time." Ruan Jingtian would not respond to these words in particular, but in simple exchanges, he could gradually distinguish Ruan Jingtian in the motorcycle group from Chen Guilin on the movie screen. The texture of daily life, those old blandness and longevity, came back to Ruan Jingtian bit by bit in the sound of riders waking him up and the family routine with him. He likes the feeling of being an ordinary person.

Compared with the time spent with the riders and the wonderful sense of fate in the crew, what made Ruan Jingtian happier was the most cherished of all the things that "Removing the Three Evils in the Circle" brought him, which was his mother’s smile.

After seeing the movie, Ethan’s mother said to him: "You are so good, there is no shadow of you in the movie, it is all characters." Then she ran to recommend to her friends: "Go and watch it, I tell you, my son is super good." This gave Ethan a happy redemption. After 20 years as an actor, he has been completely mentally prepared. No matter what criticism he hears or what accidents he encounters, it is a part of doing this job. But the evaluation of him seems to inevitably spread to his family. His mother has not benefited from his status as an actor, but can only bear the blame with him, which makes him unable to get rid of guilt. The joy and pride of his mother is the best harvest that "Removing the Three Evils in the Week" has brought to Ethan.

The most intense and uncomfortable scene in Ruan Jingtian’s heart in "Removing the Three Evils in the Week" was actually when Xiaomei went to prison to shave Chen Guilin. It was one of the few warm moments in Chen Guilin’s life, and it was also the moment when he cried most sincerely. In his heart, just like in Ruan Jingtian’s heart, pain and sadness are not worth crying. What can really penetrate the barrier of the soul and shake the foundation of reason is the beauty in life. The beauty he had experienced impacted Ruan Jingtian, reshaped him, and healed him. From "the first brother of the idol drama" to being nominated for the best actor again, he struggled silently for more than ten years. He never rushed for quick success or gave up halfway.

Written by Chu Zijing

Text Editor, Wang Wenqing

1. Is the battery of electric vehicle a dry battery or a lithium battery?

Dry batteries are generally lead-acid batteries. With the same capacity and voltage, the weight of lead-acid battery is three times that of lithium battery. Lead-acid batteries also have a short life. Current lead-acid batteries can’t go far in two years, while lithium batteries can last for five years. Due to its own weight, the battery life is incomparable to that of lithium batteries. But dry batteries are cheaper. It depends on how you choose. What suits you is a good lithium battery electric car: advantages: high efficiency. The car body is light, the mileage is long, and the requirements for the use and maintenance of users are not strict. Disadvantages: the price is high, and the domestic lithium battery technology is uneven, and the lithium battery used for electric vehicles has potential safety hazards. Lead-acid battery electric vehicle: advantages: high cost performance. The battery is relatively cheap, with large capacity, many battery brands and mature technology. Disadvantages: the efficiency is not very high. The battery pack is bulky, resulting in a heavy body and short mileage, so it is necessary to maintain the battery regularly.

2. Is dry battery or lead-acid battery better for electric vehicles?

Electric bicycles and motorcycles have become important means of transportation in large, medium and small cities and are generally accepted by people. Compared with traditional bicycles, the price of electric bicycles is generally higher, so the service life has become the most concerned issue. In fact, the battery is one of the core components of the electric bicycle, and the service life of the battery largely determines the service life of the electric bicycle. In this regard, Chaowei Battery said that strengthening the maintenance of the battery will extend the service life of the battery. It is understood that the batteries used in electric vehicles are lead-acid batteries! Dry batteries are a scam! In addition, I will send you a message: the starting current of electric vehicles is very large, especially for electric motorcycles with high-power motors. Heavy current will damage the battery plate. The best way is to start the power supply after riding the electric car like riding a bicycle. After the battery is used for a period of time, some active substances will inevitably settle. If the active substance is not activated in time, it will definitely affect the capacity of the battery. Deep discharge the battery once. Judging from the current use of electric vehicle batteries, lead-acid batteries are mature in technology, cheap in price and stable in performance. The dry battery of electric vehicle is mainly lithium battery, which is twice as expensive as lead-acid battery, but its service life is longer than that of lead-acid battery, but with the increase of charging times, its service life will become shorter and shorter. For example, lead-acid batteries need to be replaced once a year, and lithium batteries can be replaced once every two years, but lead-acid batteries can be replaced once a year, and the cruising range of lithium batteries will be shortened in the second year, which will affect their use.Compare their respective prices, calculate the cost and your own usage, and see which is more cost-effective. I recommend lead-acid batteries. Dry batteries are easy to use, durable and small in size, but the price is a bit expensive. It is the future development. Lead-acid batteries will be out of stock. Use lead-acid batteries. The storage capacity is stronger. If you ride it every day, you’d better charge it every day. I know a lot of fake batteries, so it’s unnecessary, right?

3. Is lithium battery for electric vehicle really better than lead-acid battery?

Lead-acid batteries have the largest number. Lead-acid batteries are the cheapest and most commonly used. China is the largest producer of lead-acid batteries in the world. It contains less pollution components and has good recyclability. The disadvantage is that the specific volume is small. In other words, under the same capacity, the weight and volume of the battery are very large. At present, lead-acid batteries are basically developed from floating batteries. Floating battery is not suitable for fast charge and high current discharge. Although technicians have spent a lot of energy on effective improvement and can put it into practical use, its service life is still very long. Colloidal batteries belong to a development category of lead-acid batteries. The simplest method is to add gelling agent to sulfuric acid, so that sulfuric acid can be electrically liquefied into colloidal state. The battery with electro-hydraulic colloid state is usually called colloid battery. In a broad sense, the difference between colloidal battery and traditional lead-acid battery is not only that electro-hydraulic battery is changed into colloid. For example, non-condensed hydrocolloids belong to colloidal batteries in electrochemical classification structure and characteristics. Another example is that polymer materials are attached to the grid, commonly known as ceramic grid, which can also be regarded as the application characteristics of colloidal batteries. Recently, some laboratories have added targeted coupling agents to the polar plate formula, which greatly improved the reaction utilization rate of the polar plate active materials. According to unpublished data, its weight ratio can reach 70wh/kg. These are the current industrial practice and the application examples of colloidal batteries that will be industrialized soon. The difference between colloidal batteries and conventional lead-acid batteries is that from the initial understanding of electrolyte gelation to the study of electrochemical characteristics of electrolyte basic structure,Then to the application and promotion of grid and active materials. Its most important feature is to manufacture better batteries along the road of lead-acid battery industry for 150 years with relatively small industrial cost. Its discharge curve is flat and its inflection point is high, and its specific energy is 20 times larger than that of conventional lead-acid batteries. The battery of electric vehicle must choose lithium battery. Lead-acid batteries used in traditional electric vehicle batteries will produce a lot of pollution and lead vapor after being discarded. According to statistics, a batch of waste batteries of electric vehicles will pollute tens of thousands of tons of water. Lead is not easy to be excreted, and it can also cause diseases such as metabolism, reproduction and nerves. Once the lead content in the human body exceeds the standard, it will lead to mental decline, fetal malformation, and it is easy to induce malignant tumors in children and even lead to death. Compared with lead-acid batteries, lithium batteries have natural advantages in environmental protection. The materials used for lithium batteries do not contain harmful heavy metals such as cadmium, lead and mercury. In the process of production and use, lithium batteries do not produce any pollutants, which ensures human health. Solved the problems of water source and soil. In addition, lithium batteries also have the advantages of large specific energy, long cycle life, low self-discharge rate and no memory effect. The storage energy density of lithium batteries is high, which has reached 460-600wh/kg at present, which is about 6-7 times that of lead-acid batteries. The service life can reach more than 6 years, and the anode lithium iron phosphate battery can charge and discharge 1cdo. Can be used for 10,000 times; It has high power tolerance, and the Ferrous lithium phosphate lithium-ion battery used in electric vehicles can realize the charge and discharge capacity of 15-30c, which is convenient for high-intensity start acceleration;The self-discharge rate is extremely low, which is generally lower than 1% per month at present, less than 1/20 of that of Ni-MH battery; Lithium battery can completely meet the power requirements of electric vehicle batteries, and become an ideal product for electric vehicle applications because of its green and environmental protection characteristics. I hope it will help you.

4. Why are the batteries of electric vehicles all lead-acid batteries?

Of course not, because lead-acid batteries have the following characteristics and advantages: sealed structure, no acid leakage and no acid mist emission. One-way exhaust valve (also called safety valve), the function of this valve is that when the amount of gas inside the battery exceeds a certain value (usually expressed by air pressure value), that is, when the air pressure inside the battery rises to a certain value, the exhaust valve automatically opens, discharges gas, and then automatically closes the valve to prevent air from entering the battery. Compared with ordinary lead-acid batteries used in automobiles, valve-regulated lead-acid batteries have two main characteristics: one is sealing; The second is dry. Sealing means that there is basically no acid mist discharged. Generally, the VRLA battery is "zero emission" during its operation (charging and discharging), and only when the gas pressure in the battery exceeds the opening pressure of the safety valve in the later period of charging can a small amount of mixed gas of hydrogen and oxygen be discharged, and at this time, a small amount of acid mist is filtered out by a filter material. Dry state means that the VRLA battery has no free flowing electrolyte, and can be placed in any direction, not afraid of bumps and collisions, and no acid will leak out even if the shell is broken. During the use of lead-acid batteries, chemical energy is only continuously converted into electrical energy, and electrical energy is also converted into chemical energy, which is repeatedly circulated, thus causing "zero emission" to the external environment and no pollution to the environment, which you do not have with 40 No.5 batteries. 1. Electric vehicle batteries are not all lead-acid. Now there are many lithium-ion electric vehicle batteries, and most of them are composed of many small batteries. The adoption of lead-acid batteries is the result of many considerations such as production difficulty, cost and reliability.2. The basic feature of lead-acid battery is that it does not need to be maintained by adding acid and water during use. The battery has a sealed structure, which will not leak acid or discharge acid mist. The battery cover is equipped with a one-way exhaust valve (also called a safety valve), which is used to prevent air from entering the battery when the gas volume inside the battery exceeds a certain value (usually expressed by air pressure value), that is, when the air pressure inside the battery rises to a certain value, the exhaust valve will automatically open, exhaust gas and then automatically close the valve to prevent air from entering the battery. 3. Compared with ordinary lead-acid batteries used in automobiles, VRLA batteries have two main characteristics: one is sealing; The second is dry. 4. Sealing means basically no acid mist is discharged. Generally, the VRLA battery is "zero emission" during its operation (charging and discharging), and only when the gas pressure in the battery exceeds the opening pressure of the safety valve in the later period of charging can a small amount of mixed gas of hydrogen and oxygen be discharged, and at this time, a small amount of acid mist is filtered out by a filter material. 5. Dry state means that the VRLA battery has no free flowing electrolyte, and can be placed in any direction, without fear of bumps and collisions, and even if the shell is broken, there will be no acid leakage. 6. During the use of lead-acid batteries, chemical energy is only continuously converted into electrical energy, and electrical energy is also converted into chemical energy, which is "zero emission" to the external environment and will not cause pollution to the environment. One reason: cheap. If you change to a lithium battery, the battery will cost thousands ~ now it mainly depends on lead acid to store electricity and generate electricity, and there is no better material to replace it. Besides, this cost is low, which is suitable for the needs first! Not all batteries of electric vehicles are lead-acid.Now there are many lithium-ion electric vehicle batteries. Lithium-ion electric vehicle batteries. Most of them are also composed of many small batteries. The adoption of lead-acid batteries is the result of many considerations such as production difficulty, cost and reliability. Your scheme is feasible in theory, but just accumulating one item based on the quality difference between batteries makes your scheme useless. Not to mention cost and reliability.

5. What kinds of batteries are available for pure electric vehicles? There are two types of batteries for electric vehicles, storage batteries and fuel cells. Batteries are suitable for pure electric vehicles, including lead-acid batteries, nickel-cadmium batteries, nickel-hydrogen batteries, sodium-sulfur batteries, secondary lithium batteries and air batteries. Among them, lead-acid batteries, nickel-cadmium batteries and nickel-hydrogen batteries appeared earlier, and they are also the types of batteries that have been generally eliminated. Nowadays, the mainstream pure electric vehicles are basically lithium batteries, mainly including lithium cobalt oxide batteries, such as products; Lithium manganate batteries, such as (||) and Leaf Wind; Lithium iron phosphate batteries, such as products, (||), etc. Lead-acid battery is the most commonly used new energy vehicle battery. The polar plate of lead-acid battery is a grid made of lead alloy, the electrolyte is dilute sulfuric acid, and both polar plates are covered with lead sulfate. However, after charging, the lead sulfate on the electrode plate at the positive electrode is converted into lead dioxide, and the lead sulfate at the negative electrode is converted into metallic lead. When discharging, the chemical reaction in the opposite direction occurs. The advantage of lead-acid battery is that the electromotive force is stable when discharging, but the disadvantage is that the specific energy is small and it is corrosive to the environment. 1. There are two main types of batteries for electric vehicles, battery and fuel cell. Batteries are suitable for pure electric vehicles, including lead-acid batteries, nickel-cadmium batteries, nickel-hydrogen batteries, sodium-sulfur batteries, secondary lithium batteries and air batteries. 2. Among them, lead-acid batteries, nickel-cadmium batteries and nickel-hydrogen batteries appeared earlier, and they are also battery types that have been generally eliminated. Nowadays, the mainstream pure electric vehicles are basically lithium batteries, mainly including lithium cobalt batteries, such as Tesla products;Lithium manganate batteries, such as Toyota Prius and Nissan Leaf; Lithium iron phosphate batteries, such as BYD products, 1E, etc. 3. Lead-acid battery is the most commonly used battery for new energy vehicles. The polar plate of lead-acid battery is a grid made of lead alloy, the electrolyte is dilute sulfuric acid, and both polar plates are covered with lead sulfate. However, after charging, lead sulfate on the electrode plate at the positive electrode is converted into lead dioxide. 4. Lead sulfate at the negative electrode is converted into metallic lead. When discharging, the chemical reaction in the opposite direction occurs. The advantage of lead-acid battery is that the electromotive force is stable when discharging, but the disadvantage is that the specific energy is small and it is corrosive to the environment. For the time being, there are only experimental products for sodium-sulfur batteries for vehicles. 1. There are many kinds of fuel cells, such as hydrogen fuel cells, high-temperature fuel cells, direct methanol fuel cells, methanol reforming hydrogen fuel cells, metal fuel cells and so on. 2. At present, hydrogen fuel cells are the mainstream in the field of passenger cars, and Toyota is the representative factory. The biggest feature is that it can achieve pollution-free throughout the life cycle (from the beginning of raw material manufacturing to the final recycling). 3. The fuel hydrogen used has the characteristics of high energy density and zero pollution. The disadvantage is that the current cost is very high, and the volume power density is limited. Take the representative of the fuel cell vehicle (||) as an example, the volume of the fuel cell system of NO is roughly equivalent to a V6 engine, but the output power is only in the early 100KW, which is about 140 horsepower. The price of the whole vehicle is roughly equivalent to 338 horsepower. In fact, these two kinds of batteries can be said to have their own advantages. At present, lithium iron phosphate batteries are used a little more, because Ferrous lithium phosphate has good cycle stability.The cost is also relatively low. However, the consistency of Ferrous lithium phosphate is not as good as that of ternary battery, and there are still many problems in material stability, safety and processing technology. The specific landlord can check again, and the relevant information is still quite a lot. Personally, I recommend ternary batteries. At present, Ferrous lithium phosphate and ternary batteries are the main ones, and lithium manganate can be ignored. Take our car as an example. ev160 uses lithium iron phosphate battery, which is ternary lithium battery. Ferrous lithium phosphate’s technology is more perfect, but its future development is not as good as ternary lithium. I bought ev160, so I recommend Ferrous lithium phosphate, and I will buy ternary lithium car when ternary lithium technology is mature. Land Ark brought its newly listed pure electric vehicle v5s at the 2015 Energy Saving and New Energy Auto Show. The car was launched on October 15th, 2015, and it is the upgraded version of the first pure electric v5 launched by Land Ark in 2013. According to the staff, the car has a battery life of 150 kilometers and the price is about 75,000 yuan. Compared with lithium iron phosphate battery, ternary lithium battery has several improvements: power increase, energy density increase, charging rate increase, good low-temperature performance, and battery cells are combined and packaged. But lithium ternary is more unstable than Ferrous lithium phosphate, so the good and bad are 50% and 50% respectively.